The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes.
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential fo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2024-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011945&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1797322378170073088 |
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| author | Karine Lambou Andrew Tag Alexandre Lassagne Jérôme Collemare Pierre-Henri Clergeot Crystel Barbisan Philippe Perret Didier Tharreau Joelle Millazo Elia Chartier Ronald P De Vries Judith Hirsch Jean-Benoit Morel Roland Beffa Thomas Kroj Terry Thomas Marc-Henri Lebrun |
| author_facet | Karine Lambou Andrew Tag Alexandre Lassagne Jérôme Collemare Pierre-Henri Clergeot Crystel Barbisan Philippe Perret Didier Tharreau Joelle Millazo Elia Chartier Ronald P De Vries Judith Hirsch Jean-Benoit Morel Roland Beffa Thomas Kroj Terry Thomas Marc-Henri Lebrun |
| author_sort | Karine Lambou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential for pathogenicity. BIP1 is required for the infection of plant leaves, even if they are wounded, but not for appressorium-mediated penetration of artificial cellophane membranes. This phenotype suggests that BIP1 is not implicated in the differentiation of the penetration peg but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 expression was restricted to the appressorium by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that 40 genes were down regulated in a BIP1 deletion mutant. Most of these genes were specifically expressed in the appressorium. They encode proteins with pathogenesis-related functions such as enzymes involved in secondary metabolism including those encoded by the ACE1 gene cluster, small secreted proteins such as SLP2, BAS2, BAS3, and AVR-Pi9 effectors, as well as plant cuticle and cell wall degrading enzymes. Interestingly, this BIP1 network is different from other known infection-related regulatory networks, highlighting the complexity of gene expression control during plant-fungal interactions. Promoters of BIP1-regulated genes shared a GCN4/bZIP-binding DNA motif (TGACTC) binding in vitro to BIP1. Mutation of this motif in the promoter of MGG_08381.7 from the ACE1 gene cluster abolished its appressorium-specific expression, showing that BIP1 behaves as a transcriptional activator. In summary, our findings demonstrate that BIP1 is critical for the expression of early invasion-related genes in appressoria. These genes are likely needed for biotrophic invasion of the first infected host cell, but not for the penetration process itself. Through these mechanisms, the blast fungus strategically anticipates the host plant environment and responses during appressorium-mediated penetration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:13:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b30461cb12214f7284838577b12042ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:13:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-b30461cb12214f7284838577b12042ae2024-02-07T05:30:51ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742024-01-01201e101194510.1371/journal.ppat.1011945The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes.Karine LambouAndrew TagAlexandre LassagneJérôme CollemarePierre-Henri ClergeotCrystel BarbisanPhilippe PerretDidier TharreauJoelle MillazoElia ChartierRonald P De VriesJudith HirschJean-Benoit MorelRoland BeffaThomas KrojTerry ThomasMarc-Henri LebrunThe rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential for pathogenicity. BIP1 is required for the infection of plant leaves, even if they are wounded, but not for appressorium-mediated penetration of artificial cellophane membranes. This phenotype suggests that BIP1 is not implicated in the differentiation of the penetration peg but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 expression was restricted to the appressorium by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that 40 genes were down regulated in a BIP1 deletion mutant. Most of these genes were specifically expressed in the appressorium. They encode proteins with pathogenesis-related functions such as enzymes involved in secondary metabolism including those encoded by the ACE1 gene cluster, small secreted proteins such as SLP2, BAS2, BAS3, and AVR-Pi9 effectors, as well as plant cuticle and cell wall degrading enzymes. Interestingly, this BIP1 network is different from other known infection-related regulatory networks, highlighting the complexity of gene expression control during plant-fungal interactions. Promoters of BIP1-regulated genes shared a GCN4/bZIP-binding DNA motif (TGACTC) binding in vitro to BIP1. Mutation of this motif in the promoter of MGG_08381.7 from the ACE1 gene cluster abolished its appressorium-specific expression, showing that BIP1 behaves as a transcriptional activator. In summary, our findings demonstrate that BIP1 is critical for the expression of early invasion-related genes in appressoria. These genes are likely needed for biotrophic invasion of the first infected host cell, but not for the penetration process itself. Through these mechanisms, the blast fungus strategically anticipates the host plant environment and responses during appressorium-mediated penetration.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011945&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Karine Lambou Andrew Tag Alexandre Lassagne Jérôme Collemare Pierre-Henri Clergeot Crystel Barbisan Philippe Perret Didier Tharreau Joelle Millazo Elia Chartier Ronald P De Vries Judith Hirsch Jean-Benoit Morel Roland Beffa Thomas Kroj Terry Thomas Marc-Henri Lebrun The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. |
| title_full | The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. |
| title_fullStr | The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. |
| title_short | The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. |
| title_sort | bzip transcription factor bip1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011945&type=printable |
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