Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte
Due to their lower cost and good mechanical and corrosion properties, ferrous materials such as stainless steel (SS) are commonly used as bio-materials, mainly as surgical instruments and implants. Surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be a valuable tool to increase corr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/10/1480 |
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| author | João Paulo de Proença Rafael Parra Ribeiro Elidiane Cipriano Rangel Nilson Cristino da Cruz Bruna de Oliveira Pinto Carlos Roberto Grandini Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa |
| author_facet | João Paulo de Proença Rafael Parra Ribeiro Elidiane Cipriano Rangel Nilson Cristino da Cruz Bruna de Oliveira Pinto Carlos Roberto Grandini Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa |
| author_sort | João Paulo de Proença |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to their lower cost and good mechanical and corrosion properties, ferrous materials such as stainless steel (SS) are commonly used as bio-materials, mainly as surgical instruments and implants. Surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be a valuable tool to increase corrosion resistance and enhance the bio-compatibility of metallic materials. In this scenario, the current study evaluated the effect of electrolyte composition on the surface of SS304 submitted to PEO treatment. The variation in the amount of KOH and Ta(OH)<sub>5</sub> promoted significant changes in the surface characteristics, forming Fe-rich oxide plates, Ta-rich agglomerate particles, and an exposed substrate. The PEO-treated substrates were depleted of some alloying elements (Cr, Ni, and Mn), which, allied to the Ta-enrichment, affected the roughness, wettability, phase stability, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance. All the PEO treatments presented a phase composition of single γ-Fe instead of a dual α + γ phase from the untreated substrate, which was understood in terms of the Ni<sub>eq</sub>-Cr<sub>eq</sub> diagram. The corrosion tests indicated that the PEO treatment significantly affected the corrosion parameters, having the presence of a non-uniform oxide layer. The findings show that it is possible to control the chemical and phase composition of SS304 material employing PEO treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:19:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b3084d899d184182a89f346298fb5998 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:19:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3084d899d184182a89f346298fb59982023-11-19T16:09:50ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-10-011310148010.3390/cryst13101480Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich ElectrolyteJoão Paulo de Proença0Rafael Parra Ribeiro1Elidiane Cipriano Rangel2Nilson Cristino da Cruz3Bruna de Oliveira Pinto4Carlos Roberto Grandini5Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa6Laboratório de Plasmas Tecnológicos, Science and Technology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Plasmas Tecnológicos, Science and Technology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Plasmas Tecnológicos, Science and Technology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Plasmas Tecnológicos, Science and Technology Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, BrazilDue to their lower cost and good mechanical and corrosion properties, ferrous materials such as stainless steel (SS) are commonly used as bio-materials, mainly as surgical instruments and implants. Surface treatments such as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be a valuable tool to increase corrosion resistance and enhance the bio-compatibility of metallic materials. In this scenario, the current study evaluated the effect of electrolyte composition on the surface of SS304 submitted to PEO treatment. The variation in the amount of KOH and Ta(OH)<sub>5</sub> promoted significant changes in the surface characteristics, forming Fe-rich oxide plates, Ta-rich agglomerate particles, and an exposed substrate. The PEO-treated substrates were depleted of some alloying elements (Cr, Ni, and Mn), which, allied to the Ta-enrichment, affected the roughness, wettability, phase stability, micro-hardness, and corrosion resistance. All the PEO treatments presented a phase composition of single γ-Fe instead of a dual α + γ phase from the untreated substrate, which was understood in terms of the Ni<sub>eq</sub>-Cr<sub>eq</sub> diagram. The corrosion tests indicated that the PEO treatment significantly affected the corrosion parameters, having the presence of a non-uniform oxide layer. The findings show that it is possible to control the chemical and phase composition of SS304 material employing PEO treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/10/1480plasma electrolytic oxidationstainless steeltantalum oxidecorrosion |
| spellingShingle | João Paulo de Proença Rafael Parra Ribeiro Elidiane Cipriano Rangel Nilson Cristino da Cruz Bruna de Oliveira Pinto Carlos Roberto Grandini Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte Crystals plasma electrolytic oxidation stainless steel tantalum oxide corrosion |
| title | Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte |
| title_full | Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte |
| title_fullStr | Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte |
| title_short | Alloying Element Depletion and Phase Transition in Stainless Steel 304 Induced by PEO Treatment in KOH- and TaOH-Rich Electrolyte |
| title_sort | alloying element depletion and phase transition in stainless steel 304 induced by peo treatment in koh and taoh rich electrolyte |
| topic | plasma electrolytic oxidation stainless steel tantalum oxide corrosion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/10/1480 |
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