Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a broad temperature range was employed to study ionic conductivity and dynamics in tetraalkylammonium- and tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having levulinate as a common anion. Combining data for ionic conductivity with data obtained for viscosity...
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2022-05-01
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| author | Sotiria Kripotou Georgios Tsonos Andrea Mezzetta Angelica Mero Lorenzo Guazzelli Konstantinos Moutzouris Ilias Stavrakas Christos Tsonos |
| author_facet | Sotiria Kripotou Georgios Tsonos Andrea Mezzetta Angelica Mero Lorenzo Guazzelli Konstantinos Moutzouris Ilias Stavrakas Christos Tsonos |
| author_sort | Sotiria Kripotou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a broad temperature range was employed to study ionic conductivity and dynamics in tetraalkylammonium- and tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having levulinate as a common anion. Combining data for ionic conductivity with data obtained for viscosity in a Walden plot, we show that ionic conductivity is controlled by viscosity while a strong association of ions takes place. Higher values for ionic conductivities in a broad temperature range were found for the tetraalkylphosphonium-based IL compared to its ammonium homolog in accordance with its lower viscosity. Levulinate used in the present study as anion was found to interact and associate stronger with the cations forming ion-pairs or other complexes compared to the NTf<sub>2</sub> anion studied in literature. In order to analyze dielectric data, different fitting approaches were employed. The original random barrier model cannot well describe the conductivity especially at the higher frequencies region. In electric modulus representation, two overlapping mechanisms contribute to the broad low frequencies peak. The slower process is related to the conduction mechanism and the faster to the main polarization process of the complex dielectric permittivity representation. The correlation of the characteristic time scales of the previous relaxation processes was discussed in terms of ionic interactions. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:43:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3264c249dc945b58b5c3f54bbb7c1aa2023-11-23T11:26:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-012310564210.3390/ijms23105642Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic LiquidsSotiria Kripotou0Georgios Tsonos1Andrea Mezzetta2Angelica Mero3Lorenzo Guazzelli4Konstantinos Moutzouris5Ilias Stavrakas6Christos Tsonos7Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyLaboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Physics, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, GreeceBroadband dielectric spectroscopy in a broad temperature range was employed to study ionic conductivity and dynamics in tetraalkylammonium- and tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having levulinate as a common anion. Combining data for ionic conductivity with data obtained for viscosity in a Walden plot, we show that ionic conductivity is controlled by viscosity while a strong association of ions takes place. Higher values for ionic conductivities in a broad temperature range were found for the tetraalkylphosphonium-based IL compared to its ammonium homolog in accordance with its lower viscosity. Levulinate used in the present study as anion was found to interact and associate stronger with the cations forming ion-pairs or other complexes compared to the NTf<sub>2</sub> anion studied in literature. In order to analyze dielectric data, different fitting approaches were employed. The original random barrier model cannot well describe the conductivity especially at the higher frequencies region. In electric modulus representation, two overlapping mechanisms contribute to the broad low frequencies peak. The slower process is related to the conduction mechanism and the faster to the main polarization process of the complex dielectric permittivity representation. The correlation of the characteristic time scales of the previous relaxation processes was discussed in terms of ionic interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5642ionic liquidselectrical conductivitydielectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Sotiria Kripotou Georgios Tsonos Andrea Mezzetta Angelica Mero Lorenzo Guazzelli Konstantinos Moutzouris Ilias Stavrakas Christos Tsonos Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids International Journal of Molecular Sciences ionic liquids electrical conductivity dielectric properties |
| title | Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids |
| title_full | Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids |
| title_fullStr | Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids |
| title_short | Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids |
| title_sort | dielectric study of tetraalkylammonium and tetraalkylphosphonium levulinate ionic liquids |
| topic | ionic liquids electrical conductivity dielectric properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5642 |
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