Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among antenatal women has been reported throughout the country, with a relatively high prevalence in the state of Maharashtra. Data on HIV seroprevalence in antenatal women serve as an indirect indicator of the HIV epidemic's burden in...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/19229/66295_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(Shee)_Ref_Pat(RDW_SS)_PF1(RI_KM_OM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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| author | Meena Mishra Varsha Wanjare Seema Agrawal Ms Qazi Sunanda Shrikhande Arvind Kurhade Suresh Ughade Soumyabrata Nag |
| author_facet | Meena Mishra Varsha Wanjare Seema Agrawal Ms Qazi Sunanda Shrikhande Arvind Kurhade Suresh Ughade Soumyabrata Nag |
| author_sort | Meena Mishra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among antenatal women has been reported throughout the country, with a relatively high prevalence in the state of Maharashtra. Data on HIV seroprevalence in antenatal women serve as an indirect indicator of the HIV epidemic's burden in the general population and aid in predicting the same in young children. Diagnostic and treatment services for HIV are concentrated in selected states and districts with high seroprevalence, making it necessary to accurately calculate the prevalence of HIV.
Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT) services and to study the effectiveness of the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Control Programme (NACP) in the functioning of PPTCT services.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of 12-year data, from January 2007 to December 2018, was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at the Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, representing Central India. Data collection took place from June 2019 to December 2019, and analysis occurred over the subsequent two months (January 2020 to February 2020). The total sample size was 101,865 patients. All pregnant women registered in the Antenatal Clinic (ANC) under the PPTCT Program were included in the present study, and Strategy III of the National HIV testing algorithm was followed. The women's ages, their partners' serostatus, and records of babies born to HIV seropositive mothers were obtained and analysed. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using Stata (version 10.4.2009, STATA Corp., Texas, USA) and Epi Info 7 (version 7.1.06, 2012, CDC, Atlanta, USA), employing the Chi-square test for linear trend (Extended Mantel-Haenszel). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The seroprevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women was 1.04% in 2007, decreasing to 0.23% by 2017. In 2009, 88.9% of women were counselled, and 100% were tested for HIV, with pretest counselling steadily increasing to 100% by 2012. The trend in HIV testing, however, remained at 100% over the span of 10 years. Post-test counselling varied from 89.6% to 99.9%, whereas the trend of HIV testing among partners fluctuated from 50% to 94.44%. The overall HIV positivity among babies, after 18 months of follow-up, was 4.77%.
Conclusion: The HIV seroprevalence among the pregnant population is steadily declining. More and more women are availing themselves of the facilities at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC). Intensive health education and the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic services across the country have reduced the burden of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b330048a97034505bb76afb1de2836922024-03-21T11:19:23ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2024-04-011804050910.7860/JCDR/2024/66295.19229Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central IndiaMeena Mishra0Varsha Wanjare1Seema Agrawal2Ms Qazi3Sunanda Shrikhande4Arvind Kurhade5Suresh Ughade6Soumyabrata Nag7Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Retired Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Retired Statistician, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among antenatal women has been reported throughout the country, with a relatively high prevalence in the state of Maharashtra. Data on HIV seroprevalence in antenatal women serve as an indirect indicator of the HIV epidemic's burden in the general population and aid in predicting the same in young children. Diagnostic and treatment services for HIV are concentrated in selected states and districts with high seroprevalence, making it necessary to accurately calculate the prevalence of HIV. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT) services and to study the effectiveness of the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Control Programme (NACP) in the functioning of PPTCT services. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of 12-year data, from January 2007 to December 2018, was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at the Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, representing Central India. Data collection took place from June 2019 to December 2019, and analysis occurred over the subsequent two months (January 2020 to February 2020). The total sample size was 101,865 patients. All pregnant women registered in the Antenatal Clinic (ANC) under the PPTCT Program were included in the present study, and Strategy III of the National HIV testing algorithm was followed. The women's ages, their partners' serostatus, and records of babies born to HIV seropositive mothers were obtained and analysed. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using Stata (version 10.4.2009, STATA Corp., Texas, USA) and Epi Info 7 (version 7.1.06, 2012, CDC, Atlanta, USA), employing the Chi-square test for linear trend (Extended Mantel-Haenszel). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women was 1.04% in 2007, decreasing to 0.23% by 2017. In 2009, 88.9% of women were counselled, and 100% were tested for HIV, with pretest counselling steadily increasing to 100% by 2012. The trend in HIV testing, however, remained at 100% over the span of 10 years. Post-test counselling varied from 89.6% to 99.9%, whereas the trend of HIV testing among partners fluctuated from 50% to 94.44%. The overall HIV positivity among babies, after 18 months of follow-up, was 4.77%. Conclusion: The HIV seroprevalence among the pregnant population is steadily declining. More and more women are availing themselves of the facilities at Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC). Intensive health education and the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic services across the country have reduced the burden of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/19229/66295_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(Shee)_Ref_Pat(RDW_SS)_PF1(RI_KM_OM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdfacquired immunodeficiency syndromehuman immunodeficiency virusinfectious disease transmission verticalprevention of parent-to-child transmission |
| spellingShingle | Meena Mishra Varsha Wanjare Seema Agrawal Ms Qazi Sunanda Shrikhande Arvind Kurhade Suresh Ughade Soumyabrata Nag Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research acquired immunodeficiency syndrome human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease transmission vertical prevention of parent-to-child transmission |
| title | Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India |
| title_full | Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India |
| title_fullStr | Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India |
| title_short | Declining Trend of HIV Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Observational Analysis of 12 Years’ Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India |
| title_sort | declining trend of hiv seroprevalence in pregnant women a retrospective observational analysis of 12 years experience at a tertiary care hospital in central india |
| topic | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease transmission vertical prevention of parent-to-child transmission |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/19229/66295_CE[Ra1]_F(SS)_QC(Shee)_Ref_Pat(RDW_SS)_PF1(RI_KM_OM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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