Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/13.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797253724850094080 |
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| author | Ekaterina Lenchenko Nadezhda Sachivkina Olesya Petrukhina Nikolay Petukhov Andrey Zharov Natallia Zhabo Marina Avdonina |
| author_facet | Ekaterina Lenchenko Nadezhda Sachivkina Olesya Petrukhina Nikolay Petukhov Andrey Zharov Natallia Zhabo Marina Avdonina |
| author_sort | Ekaterina Lenchenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication and differentiation of biofilms at the early stages of diagnosis will contribute to the development of preventive measures to control the critical points of technology and manage dangerous risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases. This research aimed to study the main stages of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in in vitro experiments and to analyze the dynamics of respiratory syndrome development in chickens infected with these bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Experimental reproduction of the infectious process was performed using laboratory models: 10-day-old White Leghorn chickens (n = 20). Before the experiments, the birds were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogs: Group I (control, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with 0.5 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl solution; Group II (experiment, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with a suspension of S. aureus bacteria, 0.5 cm3, concentration 1 billion/cm3.
Results: Colonization of individual areas of the substrate under study in vitro occurred gradually from the sedimentation and adhesion of single motile planktonic cells to the attachment stage of microcolony development. Staining preparations with gentian violet due to the “metachromosia†property of this dye are a quick and fairly simple way to differentiate cells and the intercellular matrix of biofilms. Fixation with vapors of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide preserves the natural architecture of biofilms under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Pure cultures of S. aureus microorganisms were isolated from the blood, lungs, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spleen after 5–10 days during experimental infection of chickens. Clinical signs of respiratory syndrome developed within 5–6 days after infection. Acute and subacute serousfibrinous airsacculitis, characterized by edema and thickening of the membranes of the air sacs and the presence of turbid, watery, foamy contents in the cavity, was the most characteristic pathomorphological sign. The signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one-sided serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed with significant thickening of fibrinous deposits. In Garder’s gland, there was an increase in the number of secretory sections, indicating hypersecretion of the glands. In the lymphoid follicles of Meckel’s diverticulum, leukocytes, usually lymphocytes, and pseudoeosinophils were detected.
Conclusion: Hydration and heteromorphism of the internal environment of biofilms determine the localization of differentiated cells in a three-dimensional matrix for protection against adverse factors. The most characteristic pathomorphological sign was the development of acute and subacute serous-fibrinous airsacculitis when reproducing the infectious process in susceptible models. There was a significant thickening of fibrinous deposits and signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one or two serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:38:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3314464ef3d48bca8bc19e569723b07 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:38:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3314464ef3d48bca8bc19e569723b072024-03-21T11:57:44ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162024-03-0117361261910.14202/vetworld.2024.612-619Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureusEkaterina Lenchenko0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-2020Nadezhda Sachivkina1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1100-929XOlesya Petrukhina2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-2891Nikolay Petukhov3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1521-2797Andrey Zharov4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6570Natallia Zhabo5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-5738Marina Avdonina6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-8254Department of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University), 125080, Moscow, Russia.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia.Department of Technosphere Security, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia.Department of Technosphere Security, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia.Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia.Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication of the Faculty of Distance Learning and Part-Time Education of Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034 Moscow, Russia.Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication and differentiation of biofilms at the early stages of diagnosis will contribute to the development of preventive measures to control the critical points of technology and manage dangerous risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases. This research aimed to study the main stages of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in in vitro experiments and to analyze the dynamics of respiratory syndrome development in chickens infected with these bacteria. Materials and Methods: Experimental reproduction of the infectious process was performed using laboratory models: 10-day-old White Leghorn chickens (n = 20). Before the experiments, the birds were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogs: Group I (control, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with 0.5 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl solution; Group II (experiment, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with a suspension of S. aureus bacteria, 0.5 cm3, concentration 1 billion/cm3. Results: Colonization of individual areas of the substrate under study in vitro occurred gradually from the sedimentation and adhesion of single motile planktonic cells to the attachment stage of microcolony development. Staining preparations with gentian violet due to the “metachromosia†property of this dye are a quick and fairly simple way to differentiate cells and the intercellular matrix of biofilms. Fixation with vapors of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide preserves the natural architecture of biofilms under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Pure cultures of S. aureus microorganisms were isolated from the blood, lungs, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spleen after 5–10 days during experimental infection of chickens. Clinical signs of respiratory syndrome developed within 5–6 days after infection. Acute and subacute serousfibrinous airsacculitis, characterized by edema and thickening of the membranes of the air sacs and the presence of turbid, watery, foamy contents in the cavity, was the most characteristic pathomorphological sign. The signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one-sided serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed with significant thickening of fibrinous deposits. In Garder’s gland, there was an increase in the number of secretory sections, indicating hypersecretion of the glands. In the lymphoid follicles of Meckel’s diverticulum, leukocytes, usually lymphocytes, and pseudoeosinophils were detected. Conclusion: Hydration and heteromorphism of the internal environment of biofilms determine the localization of differentiated cells in a three-dimensional matrix for protection against adverse factors. The most characteristic pathomorphological sign was the development of acute and subacute serous-fibrinous airsacculitis when reproducing the infectious process in susceptible models. There was a significant thickening of fibrinous deposits and signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one or two serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/13.pdfairsacculitisavianbiofilmpathogenesisrespiratory syndrome pneumoniastaphylococcus aureus |
| spellingShingle | Ekaterina Lenchenko Nadezhda Sachivkina Olesya Petrukhina Nikolay Petukhov Andrey Zharov Natallia Zhabo Marina Avdonina Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Veterinary World airsacculitis avian biofilm pathogenesis respiratory syndrome pneumonia staphylococcus aureus |
| title | Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
| title_full | Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
| title_short | Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus |
| title_sort | anatomical pathological and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm forming bacteria staphylococcus aureus |
| topic | airsacculitis avian biofilm pathogenesis respiratory syndrome pneumonia staphylococcus aureus |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/13.pdf |
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