Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids
Background:. Although facial aging is a well-known phenomenon, it has not been comprehensively characterized in 3 dimensions. This study introduces a novel technique for capturing periorbital structures across age groups using 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and point cloud data collection. Methods:. F...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer
2019-11-01
|
| Series: | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002512 |
| _version_ | 1811196654883176448 |
|---|---|
| author | Cristina A. Flores, MD Joseph L. Mundy, PhD Margaret E. Byrne, RN Jose A. Gonzalez, MD Helena O. Taylor, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Cristina A. Flores, MD Joseph L. Mundy, PhD Margaret E. Byrne, RN Jose A. Gonzalez, MD Helena O. Taylor, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Cristina A. Flores, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:. Although facial aging is a well-known phenomenon, it has not been comprehensively characterized in 3 dimensions. This study introduces a novel technique for capturing periorbital structures across age groups using 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and point cloud data collection.
Methods:. Forty-six white women were divided into 3 age groups: 20–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60+ years. Patients were scanned with the Canfield 3D photogrammetry system, and data files were exported to the point cloud processing software CloudCompare. Manually selected points specifying eyelid margins, creases, and 5 key periorbital features provided the basis for a fitted model and principal component analysis (PCA). Potential statistical significance across age groups was assessed for PCA values corresponding to each subject's eyelid geometry.
Results:. Three tendencies emerged with respect to increasing age and eyelid anatomy: the width and height of the palpebral fissure decreases, with the width decreasing more rapidly; the depth of the lateral canthus relative to the medial canthus decreases; and the superior crease becomes more variable. Analyses of variance of PCA values across age groups show statistically significant differences between the youngest and oldest groups.
Conclusions:. Three-dimensional photogrammetry enables rigorous and reliable evaluation of the aging eyelid. Results suggest age-induced changes to eyelid margin, crease, and lateral canthus positions, which have been noted anecdotally but poorly quantified until now. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:02:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b338086745074fc0b7eade83e2ec777b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-7574 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:02:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-b338086745074fc0b7eade83e2ec777b2022-12-22T03:54:23ZengWolters KluwerPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open2169-75742019-11-01711e251210.1097/GOX.0000000000002512201911000-00001Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging EyelidsCristina A. Flores, MD0Joseph L. Mundy, PhD1Margaret E. Byrne, RN2Jose A. Gonzalez, MD3Helena O. Taylor, MD, PhD4From the *The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I.†Vision Systems Inc, Providence, R.I.From the *The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I.From the *The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I.‡Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MassBackground:. Although facial aging is a well-known phenomenon, it has not been comprehensively characterized in 3 dimensions. This study introduces a novel technique for capturing periorbital structures across age groups using 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and point cloud data collection. Methods:. Forty-six white women were divided into 3 age groups: 20–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60+ years. Patients were scanned with the Canfield 3D photogrammetry system, and data files were exported to the point cloud processing software CloudCompare. Manually selected points specifying eyelid margins, creases, and 5 key periorbital features provided the basis for a fitted model and principal component analysis (PCA). Potential statistical significance across age groups was assessed for PCA values corresponding to each subject's eyelid geometry. Results:. Three tendencies emerged with respect to increasing age and eyelid anatomy: the width and height of the palpebral fissure decreases, with the width decreasing more rapidly; the depth of the lateral canthus relative to the medial canthus decreases; and the superior crease becomes more variable. Analyses of variance of PCA values across age groups show statistically significant differences between the youngest and oldest groups. Conclusions:. Three-dimensional photogrammetry enables rigorous and reliable evaluation of the aging eyelid. Results suggest age-induced changes to eyelid margin, crease, and lateral canthus positions, which have been noted anecdotally but poorly quantified until now.http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002512 |
| spellingShingle | Cristina A. Flores, MD Joseph L. Mundy, PhD Margaret E. Byrne, RN Jose A. Gonzalez, MD Helena O. Taylor, MD, PhD Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| title | Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids |
| title_full | Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids |
| title_short | Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids |
| title_sort | quantitative 3 dimensional geometry of the aging eyelids |
| url | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002512 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cristinaafloresmd quantitative3dimensionalgeometryoftheagingeyelids AT josephlmundyphd quantitative3dimensionalgeometryoftheagingeyelids AT margaretebyrnern quantitative3dimensionalgeometryoftheagingeyelids AT joseagonzalezmd quantitative3dimensionalgeometryoftheagingeyelids AT helenaotaylormdphd quantitative3dimensionalgeometryoftheagingeyelids |