Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring
The Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) is an ideal region to explore the variability and controlling mechanisms of the seawater carbonate system and their potential influence on global climate change due to the distinctive environmental features, while studies in the EIO is far from sufficient. The spatiote...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343690/full |
| _version_ | 1797221721126731776 |
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| author | Xi Wu Xi Wu Xi Wu Xiaolong Yuan Xiaoqing Liu Xingzhou Wang Zhuo Chen Ting Gu Guicheng Zhang Guicheng Zhang Xun Gong Jun Sun Jun Sun Jun Sun |
| author_facet | Xi Wu Xi Wu Xi Wu Xiaolong Yuan Xiaoqing Liu Xingzhou Wang Zhuo Chen Ting Gu Guicheng Zhang Guicheng Zhang Xun Gong Jun Sun Jun Sun Jun Sun |
| author_sort | Xi Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) is an ideal region to explore the variability and controlling mechanisms of the seawater carbonate system and their potential influence on global climate change due to the distinctive environmental features, while studies in the EIO is far from sufficient. The spatiotemporal distributions of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (Alk), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were investigated in the EIO during autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The respective quantitative contributions of different controlling processes to DIC were further delineated. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the study area. Overall, the surface pH was lower and DIC, Alk, and pCO2 were higher during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The pH generally decreased from east to west during autumn 2020, whereas it decreased from north to south during spring 2021. The low values of DIC and Alk that were detected in the Bay of Bengal in these two seasons were mainly attributed to the influence of river inputs. Coastal upwelling during monsoon periods led to higher pCO2 and DIC values near Sumatra and Sri Lanka during spring 2021. The relationships of carbonate system parameters with different types of nutrients and different sized chlorophyll-a in the two seasons indicated the shifts of nutrients utilized by the phytoplankton, and phytoplankton species dominated the carbonate system variabilities. In vertical profiles, carbonate system parameters showed strong correlations with other physical and biogeochemical parameters, and these correlations were more robust during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The average sea–air flux of CO2 was 10.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during autumn 2020 and was 16.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during spring 2021, which revealed that the EIO served as a CO2 source during the study period. In addition, the separation of different controlling processes of DIC indicated stronger mixing processes, less CaCO3 precipitation, more intensive sea–air exchange, and weaker photosynthesis during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3431d51a8b04a5e9e0431ff324c318d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3431d51a8b04a5e9e0431ff324c318d2024-04-05T04:58:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-04-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13436901343690Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and springXi Wu0Xi Wu1Xi Wu2Xiaolong Yuan3Xiaoqing Liu4Xingzhou Wang5Zhuo Chen6Ting Gu7Guicheng Zhang8Guicheng Zhang9Xun Gong10Jun Sun11Jun Sun12Jun Sun13Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaShenzhen Guanghuiyuan Environment Water Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaResearch Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaResearch Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, ChinaThe Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) is an ideal region to explore the variability and controlling mechanisms of the seawater carbonate system and their potential influence on global climate change due to the distinctive environmental features, while studies in the EIO is far from sufficient. The spatiotemporal distributions of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (Alk), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were investigated in the EIO during autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The respective quantitative contributions of different controlling processes to DIC were further delineated. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the study area. Overall, the surface pH was lower and DIC, Alk, and pCO2 were higher during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The pH generally decreased from east to west during autumn 2020, whereas it decreased from north to south during spring 2021. The low values of DIC and Alk that were detected in the Bay of Bengal in these two seasons were mainly attributed to the influence of river inputs. Coastal upwelling during monsoon periods led to higher pCO2 and DIC values near Sumatra and Sri Lanka during spring 2021. The relationships of carbonate system parameters with different types of nutrients and different sized chlorophyll-a in the two seasons indicated the shifts of nutrients utilized by the phytoplankton, and phytoplankton species dominated the carbonate system variabilities. In vertical profiles, carbonate system parameters showed strong correlations with other physical and biogeochemical parameters, and these correlations were more robust during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The average sea–air flux of CO2 was 10.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during autumn 2020 and was 16.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during spring 2021, which revealed that the EIO served as a CO2 source during the study period. In addition, the separation of different controlling processes of DIC indicated stronger mixing processes, less CaCO3 precipitation, more intensive sea–air exchange, and weaker photosynthesis during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343690/fullseawater carbonate systemsea-air CO2 fluxEastern Indian Oceandissolved inorganic carboncarbon cycle |
| spellingShingle | Xi Wu Xi Wu Xi Wu Xiaolong Yuan Xiaoqing Liu Xingzhou Wang Zhuo Chen Ting Gu Guicheng Zhang Guicheng Zhang Xun Gong Jun Sun Jun Sun Jun Sun Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring Frontiers in Marine Science seawater carbonate system sea-air CO2 flux Eastern Indian Ocean dissolved inorganic carbon carbon cycle |
| title | Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring |
| title_full | Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring |
| title_fullStr | Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring |
| title_short | Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring |
| title_sort | distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the eastern indian ocean during autumn and spring |
| topic | seawater carbonate system sea-air CO2 flux Eastern Indian Ocean dissolved inorganic carbon carbon cycle |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343690/full |
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