Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships

A regulation on the sulfur emissions of ships sailing in global sea areas has been enforced since 1 January 2020. In this new regulation, ships are required to use low-sulfur fuel oils or to install an after-treatment equipment, such as a scrubber. Open and hybrid scrubbers wash the exhaust gas usin...

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Main Authors: Yong-Seok Choi, Tae-Woo Lim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-04-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/272
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author Yong-Seok Choi
Tae-Woo Lim
author_facet Yong-Seok Choi
Tae-Woo Lim
author_sort Yong-Seok Choi
collection DOAJ
description A regulation on the sulfur emissions of ships sailing in global sea areas has been enforced since 1 January 2020. In this new regulation, ships are required to use low-sulfur fuel oils or to install an after-treatment equipment, such as a scrubber. Open and hybrid scrubbers wash the exhaust gas using seawater and then discharge the wash water overboard. According to the regulation promulgated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), the wash water must have a pH of 6.5 or higher at 4 m from the discharge point. Wash water is generally acidic, with a pH of 2.5–3.5, whereas seawater is alkaline, with a pH of approximately 8.2. The wash water is dispersed after being discharged overboard through a nozzle, and its pH is restored through dilution with the surrounding seawater. In this study, the pH was calculated by using a theoretical chemical reaction model, and then the dispersion of wash water was analyzed using CFD simulation. This study describes the process of selecting the appropriate turbulent Schmidt number in a wide range of nozzle diameters. Finally, the appropriate nozzle diameter was determined based on the initial pH of the discharged scrubber wash.
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spelling doaj.art-b343468ac51345da99f0edbaeaf72e122023-11-19T21:15:57ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-04-018427210.3390/jmse8040272Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from ShipsYong-Seok Choi0Tae-Woo Lim1Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, KoreaDivision of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, KoreaA regulation on the sulfur emissions of ships sailing in global sea areas has been enforced since 1 January 2020. In this new regulation, ships are required to use low-sulfur fuel oils or to install an after-treatment equipment, such as a scrubber. Open and hybrid scrubbers wash the exhaust gas using seawater and then discharge the wash water overboard. According to the regulation promulgated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), the wash water must have a pH of 6.5 or higher at 4 m from the discharge point. Wash water is generally acidic, with a pH of 2.5–3.5, whereas seawater is alkaline, with a pH of approximately 8.2. The wash water is dispersed after being discharged overboard through a nozzle, and its pH is restored through dilution with the surrounding seawater. In this study, the pH was calculated by using a theoretical chemical reaction model, and then the dispersion of wash water was analyzed using CFD simulation. This study describes the process of selecting the appropriate turbulent Schmidt number in a wide range of nozzle diameters. Finally, the appropriate nozzle diameter was determined based on the initial pH of the discharged scrubber wash.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/272CFDdispersionpHturbulent Schmidt numberscrubberwash water
spellingShingle Yong-Seok Choi
Tae-Woo Lim
Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
CFD
dispersion
pH
turbulent Schmidt number
scrubber
wash water
title Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
title_full Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
title_fullStr Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
title_short Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships
title_sort numerical simulation and validation in scrubber wash water discharge from ships
topic CFD
dispersion
pH
turbulent Schmidt number
scrubber
wash water
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/272
work_keys_str_mv AT yongseokchoi numericalsimulationandvalidationinscrubberwashwaterdischargefromships
AT taewoolim numericalsimulationandvalidationinscrubberwashwaterdischargefromships