Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog
Superclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web, on tens to hundreds of megaparsec scales. They are the largest assembly of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open question. In order to ad...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfaeb |
| _version_ | 1797629447029915648 |
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| author | Shishir Sankhyayan Joydeep Bagchi Elmo Tempel Surhud More Maret Einasto Pratik Dabhade Somak Raychaudhury Ramana Athreya Pekka Heinämäki |
| author_facet | Shishir Sankhyayan Joydeep Bagchi Elmo Tempel Surhud More Maret Einasto Pratik Dabhade Somak Raychaudhury Ramana Athreya Pekka Heinämäki |
| author_sort | Shishir Sankhyayan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Superclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web, on tens to hundreds of megaparsec scales. They are the largest assembly of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open question. In order to address and answer the relevant questions, a statistically significant, large catalog of superclusters covering a wide range of redshifts and sky areas is essential. Here, we present a large catalog of 662 superclusters identified using a modified friends-of-friends algorithm applied on the WHL (Wen–Han–Liu) cluster catalog within a redshift range of 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.42. We name the most massive supercluster at z ∼ 0.25 as the Einasto Supercluster . We find that the median mass of superclusters is ∼5.8 × 10 ^15 M _⊙ and the median size ∼65 Mpc. We find that the supercluster environment slightly affects the growth of clusters. We compare the properties of the observed superclusters with the mock superclusters extracted from the Horizon Run 4 cosmological simulation. The properties of the superclusters in the mocks and observations are in broad agreement. We find that the density contrast of a supercluster is correlated with its maximum extent with a power-law index, α ∼ −2. The phase-space distribution of mock superclusters shows that, on average, ∼90% of part of a supercluster has a gravitational influence on its constituents. We also show the mock halos’ average number density and peculiar velocity profiles in and around the superclusters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:54:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b347472acb0144da9c59fb001511f36e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:54:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-b347472acb0144da9c59fb001511f36e2023-11-13T12:27:18ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195816210.3847/1538-4357/acfaebIdentification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster CatalogShishir Sankhyayan0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-2707Joydeep Bagchi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-2884Elmo Tempel2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-7018Surhud More3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-2371Maret Einasto4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-8239Pratik Dabhade5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-3574Somak Raychaudhury6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-4046Ramana Athreya7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-7311Pekka Heinämäki8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-0227Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu , Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia ; shishir.sankhyayan@ut.ee, shishir9898@gmail.comDepartment of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) , Bengaluru-560029, IndiaTartu Observatory, University of Tartu , Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia ; shishir.sankhyayan@ut.ee, shishir9898@gmail.com; Estonian Academy of Sciences , Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, EstoniaThe Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) , S.P. Pune University Campus, Post Bag 4, Pune 411007, India; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwashi, Chiba 277-8583, JapanTartu Observatory, University of Tartu , Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia ; shishir.sankhyayan@ut.ee, shishir9898@gmail.comInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Calle Vía Láctea, s/n, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) , Departamento de Astrofisica, E-38206, Tenerife, SpainThe Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) , S.P. Pune University Campus, Post Bag 4, Pune 411007, India; Department of Physics, Ashoka University , Sonipat, Haryana 131029, IndiaIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, IndiaTuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 Turku, FinlandSuperclusters are the largest massive structures in the cosmic web, on tens to hundreds of megaparsec scales. They are the largest assembly of galaxy clusters in the Universe. Apart from a few detailed studies of such structures, their evolutionary mechanism is still an open question. In order to address and answer the relevant questions, a statistically significant, large catalog of superclusters covering a wide range of redshifts and sky areas is essential. Here, we present a large catalog of 662 superclusters identified using a modified friends-of-friends algorithm applied on the WHL (Wen–Han–Liu) cluster catalog within a redshift range of 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.42. We name the most massive supercluster at z ∼ 0.25 as the Einasto Supercluster . We find that the median mass of superclusters is ∼5.8 × 10 ^15 M _⊙ and the median size ∼65 Mpc. We find that the supercluster environment slightly affects the growth of clusters. We compare the properties of the observed superclusters with the mock superclusters extracted from the Horizon Run 4 cosmological simulation. The properties of the superclusters in the mocks and observations are in broad agreement. We find that the density contrast of a supercluster is correlated with its maximum extent with a power-law index, α ∼ −2. The phase-space distribution of mock superclusters shows that, on average, ∼90% of part of a supercluster has a gravitational influence on its constituents. We also show the mock halos’ average number density and peculiar velocity profiles in and around the superclusters.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfaebSuperclustersGalaxy clustersCatalogsLarge-scale structure of the universe |
| spellingShingle | Shishir Sankhyayan Joydeep Bagchi Elmo Tempel Surhud More Maret Einasto Pratik Dabhade Somak Raychaudhury Ramana Athreya Pekka Heinämäki Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog The Astrophysical Journal Superclusters Galaxy clusters Catalogs Large-scale structure of the universe |
| title | Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |
| title_full | Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |
| title_short | Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog |
| title_sort | identification of superclusters and their properties in the sloan digital sky survey using the whl cluster catalog |
| topic | Superclusters Galaxy clusters Catalogs Large-scale structure of the universe |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfaeb |
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