Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure
The bee pollen is a complete and healthy food with important nutritional properties. Usually, bee pollen is consumed dehydrated, but it is possible to market it as fresh frozen pollen, favoring the maintenance of its properties and greatly increasing its palatability, compared to dried pollen. Howev...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2593 |
| _version_ | 1797510388571439104 |
|---|---|
| author | Juan Ramón Cabello Salud Serrano Inmaculada Rodríguez Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel María Dolores Hernando José Manuel Flores |
| author_facet | Juan Ramón Cabello Salud Serrano Inmaculada Rodríguez Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel María Dolores Hernando José Manuel Flores |
| author_sort | Juan Ramón Cabello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bee pollen is a complete and healthy food with important nutritional properties. Usually, bee pollen is consumed dehydrated, but it is possible to market it as fresh frozen pollen, favoring the maintenance of its properties and greatly increasing its palatability, compared to dried pollen. However, fresh frozen pollen maintains a high microbiological load that can include some pathogenic genus to human health. In this work, ozonation combined with drying is applied to reduce the microbiological load. The lowest timing exposure to ozone (30 min) was chosen together with hot-air drying during 15 min to evaluate the shelf-life of treated bee-pollen under cold storage (4 °C), and initial reductions of 3, 1.5, and 1.7 log cycles were obtained for <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, mesophilic aerobes, and molds and yeasts counting, respectively. Six weeks after treatment the microbial load was held at a lower level than initially observed in fresh bee-pollen. In addition, ozone treatment did not have a negative impact on the polyphenols evaluated. Likewise, the sensory profile of the bee pollen under different treatments was studied. For all these assays the results have been favorable, so we can say that ozonation of fresh pollen is safe for human consumption, which maintains its polyphenols composition and organoleptically is better valued than dried pollen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b347c6426a85459d90745d4f5f7ce77b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-b347c6426a85459d90745d4f5f7ce77b2023-11-22T23:19:09ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-10-011011259310.3390/foods10112593Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone ExposureJuan Ramón Cabello0Salud Serrano1Inmaculada Rodríguez2Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel3María Dolores Hernando4José Manuel Flores5Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainNational Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, SpainNational Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Zoology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainThe bee pollen is a complete and healthy food with important nutritional properties. Usually, bee pollen is consumed dehydrated, but it is possible to market it as fresh frozen pollen, favoring the maintenance of its properties and greatly increasing its palatability, compared to dried pollen. However, fresh frozen pollen maintains a high microbiological load that can include some pathogenic genus to human health. In this work, ozonation combined with drying is applied to reduce the microbiological load. The lowest timing exposure to ozone (30 min) was chosen together with hot-air drying during 15 min to evaluate the shelf-life of treated bee-pollen under cold storage (4 °C), and initial reductions of 3, 1.5, and 1.7 log cycles were obtained for <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, mesophilic aerobes, and molds and yeasts counting, respectively. Six weeks after treatment the microbial load was held at a lower level than initially observed in fresh bee-pollen. In addition, ozone treatment did not have a negative impact on the polyphenols evaluated. Likewise, the sensory profile of the bee pollen under different treatments was studied. For all these assays the results have been favorable, so we can say that ozonation of fresh pollen is safe for human consumption, which maintains its polyphenols composition and organoleptically is better valued than dried pollen.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2593bee pollenozonemicrobial decontaminationpolyphenolssensory analysis |
| spellingShingle | Juan Ramón Cabello Salud Serrano Inmaculada Rodríguez Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel María Dolores Hernando José Manuel Flores Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure Foods bee pollen ozone microbial decontamination polyphenols sensory analysis |
| title | Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure |
| title_full | Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure |
| title_short | Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure |
| title_sort | microbial decontamination of bee pollen by direct ozone exposure |
| topic | bee pollen ozone microbial decontamination polyphenols sensory analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2593 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanramoncabello microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure AT saludserrano microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure AT inmaculadarodriguez microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure AT anaisabelgarciavalcarcel microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure AT mariadoloreshernando microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure AT josemanuelflores microbialdecontaminationofbeepollenbydirectozoneexposure |