Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity
Background: Most of the stars in the Universe will end their evolution by losing their envelope during the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase, enriching the interstellar medium of galaxies with heavy elements, partially condensed into dust grains formed in their extended circum...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/233 |
| _version_ | 1797526001331208192 |
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| author | Ambra Nanni Sergio Cristallo Jacco Th. van Loon Martin A. T. Groenewegen |
| author_facet | Ambra Nanni Sergio Cristallo Jacco Th. van Loon Martin A. T. Groenewegen |
| author_sort | Ambra Nanni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Most of the stars in the Universe will end their evolution by losing their envelope during the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase, enriching the interstellar medium of galaxies with heavy elements, partially condensed into dust grains formed in their extended circumstellar envelopes. Among these stars, carbon-rich TP-AGB stars (C-stars) are particularly relevant for the chemical enrichment of galaxies. We here investigated the role of the metallicity in the dust formation process from a theoretical viewpoint. Methods: We coupled an up-to-date description of dust growth and dust-driven wind, which included the time-averaged effect of shocks, with FRUITY stellar evolutionary tracks. We compared our predictions with observations of C-stars in our Galaxy, in the Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) and in the Galactic Halo, characterised by metallicity between solar and 1/10 of solar. Results: Our models explained the variation of the gas and dust content around C-stars derived from the IRS Spitzer spectra. The wind speed of the C-stars at varying metallicity was well reproduced by our description. We predicted the wind speed at metallicity down to 1/10 of solar in a wide range of mass-loss rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3484307884a46559014c9a0b2d00615 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:21:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3484307884a46559014c9a0b2d006152023-11-22T05:11:32ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972021-07-017723310.3390/universe7070233Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of MetallicityAmbra Nanni0Sergio Cristallo1Jacco Th. van Loon2Martin A. T. Groenewegen3National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warszawa, PolandINAF, Oservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini snc, 64100 Teramo, ItalyLennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UKKoninklijke Sterrenwacht van België, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussel, BelgiumBackground: Most of the stars in the Universe will end their evolution by losing their envelope during the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase, enriching the interstellar medium of galaxies with heavy elements, partially condensed into dust grains formed in their extended circumstellar envelopes. Among these stars, carbon-rich TP-AGB stars (C-stars) are particularly relevant for the chemical enrichment of galaxies. We here investigated the role of the metallicity in the dust formation process from a theoretical viewpoint. Methods: We coupled an up-to-date description of dust growth and dust-driven wind, which included the time-averaged effect of shocks, with FRUITY stellar evolutionary tracks. We compared our predictions with observations of C-stars in our Galaxy, in the Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) and in the Galactic Halo, characterised by metallicity between solar and 1/10 of solar. Results: Our models explained the variation of the gas and dust content around C-stars derived from the IRS Spitzer spectra. The wind speed of the C-stars at varying metallicity was well reproduced by our description. We predicted the wind speed at metallicity down to 1/10 of solar in a wide range of mass-loss rates.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/233evolved starscarbon starsdustwindcircumstellar matter |
| spellingShingle | Ambra Nanni Sergio Cristallo Jacco Th. van Loon Martin A. T. Groenewegen Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity Universe evolved stars carbon stars dust wind circumstellar matter |
| title | Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity |
| title_full | Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity |
| title_fullStr | Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity |
| title_short | Dust Production around Carbon-Rich Stars: The Role of Metallicity |
| title_sort | dust production around carbon rich stars the role of metallicity |
| topic | evolved stars carbon stars dust wind circumstellar matter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/233 |
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