Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline
The detection of the moisture content of wheat is an important index used to measure the quality and preservation of wheat. In order to rapidly and non-destructively detect the moisture content of wheat, in this study, we designed a stripline detection device that measures 151 frequency points in th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/3/471 |
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| author | Chao Song Xinpei Zhang Fangyan Ma Yuanyuan Yin Hang Yin Shuhao Wang Liqing Zhao |
| author_facet | Chao Song Xinpei Zhang Fangyan Ma Yuanyuan Yin Hang Yin Shuhao Wang Liqing Zhao |
| author_sort | Chao Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The detection of the moisture content of wheat is an important index used to measure the quality and preservation of wheat. In order to rapidly and non-destructively detect the moisture content of wheat, in this study, we designed a stripline detection device that measures 151 frequency points in the 50–200 MHz frequency range with a vector network analyzer. Random forest (RF), extreme learning machine (ELM), and BP neural network prediction models were established, using the frequency, temperature, volume density and dielectric constant as input and the water content as output. It was shown that, in the frequency range 50–200 MHz, the permittivity of wheat decreases as the frequency increases, and that this is negatively correlated. The dielectric constant of wheat increases as the moisture content, temperature, and bulk density increase, and these are positively correlated. The random forest (RF) prediction model, which uses the frequency, temperature, effective dielectric constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. and volume density as inputs and the wheat moisture content as the output, demonstrates the best performance. The determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) = 0.99977, the mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.044368, the mean square error (MAE) = 0.0053011, and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.072809. This study provides a new device and method for the detection of the moisture content of wheat. The device is small and is not easily disturbed by the external environment. It can be measured in a variety of conditions and is important for the development of low-cost, high-precision, and portable devices for the detection of the moisture content of wheat. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:40:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3526788a69144a4a8c6d4a7552aba3c2024-03-27T13:16:09ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-03-0114347110.3390/agriculture14030471Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a StriplineChao Song0Xinpei Zhang1Fangyan Ma2Yuanyuan Yin3Hang Yin4Shuhao Wang5Liqing Zhao6College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaThe detection of the moisture content of wheat is an important index used to measure the quality and preservation of wheat. In order to rapidly and non-destructively detect the moisture content of wheat, in this study, we designed a stripline detection device that measures 151 frequency points in the 50–200 MHz frequency range with a vector network analyzer. Random forest (RF), extreme learning machine (ELM), and BP neural network prediction models were established, using the frequency, temperature, volume density and dielectric constant as input and the water content as output. It was shown that, in the frequency range 50–200 MHz, the permittivity of wheat decreases as the frequency increases, and that this is negatively correlated. The dielectric constant of wheat increases as the moisture content, temperature, and bulk density increase, and these are positively correlated. The random forest (RF) prediction model, which uses the frequency, temperature, effective dielectric constant <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. and volume density as inputs and the wheat moisture content as the output, demonstrates the best performance. The determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) = 0.99977, the mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.044368, the mean square error (MAE) = 0.0053011, and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.072809. This study provides a new device and method for the detection of the moisture content of wheat. The device is small and is not easily disturbed by the external environment. It can be measured in a variety of conditions and is important for the development of low-cost, high-precision, and portable devices for the detection of the moisture content of wheat.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/3/471dielectric constantstriplinewheatmoisture content |
| spellingShingle | Chao Song Xinpei Zhang Fangyan Ma Yuanyuan Yin Hang Yin Shuhao Wang Liqing Zhao Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline Agriculture dielectric constant stripline wheat moisture content |
| title | Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline |
| title_full | Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline |
| title_fullStr | Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline |
| title_short | Design and Evaluation of Wheat Moisture Content Detection Device Based on a Stripline |
| title_sort | design and evaluation of wheat moisture content detection device based on a stripline |
| topic | dielectric constant stripline wheat moisture content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/3/471 |
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