Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells
Background: Glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are amino sugars found in human extracellular matrix with previously described anti-inflammatory effects. Despite mixed results from clinical studies, these molecules have been used extensively in supplements. Objective: We investigated the anti...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023029766 |
| _version_ | 1797815658848714752 |
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| author | Quang Le Zhichang Zhang Daniel Sun Quanjun Cui Xinlin Yang Ameer E. Hassan |
| author_facet | Quang Le Zhichang Zhang Daniel Sun Quanjun Cui Xinlin Yang Ameer E. Hassan |
| author_sort | Quang Le |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are amino sugars found in human extracellular matrix with previously described anti-inflammatory effects. Despite mixed results from clinical studies, these molecules have been used extensively in supplements. Objective: We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of two synthesized derivatives of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), bi-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine (BNAG) 1 and 2. Methods: Using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, the effects of NAG, BNAG 1, and BNAG 2 on the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 were studied using ELISA, Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Cell toxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using WST-1 assay and the Griess reagent, respectively. Results: Among the three tested compounds, BNAG1 shows the highest inhibition of iNOS, IL-6, TNF α and IL-1β expression and NO production. All three tested compounds show slight inhibition on cell proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, except that BNAG1 displays a remarkable toxicity at the tested maximum dose of 5 mM. Conclusion: BNAG 1 and 2 exhibit notable anti-inflammatory effects compared to the parent NAG molecule. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b37ddda5e2694ba1baeef5f2b6b060c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b37ddda5e2694ba1baeef5f2b6b060c72023-05-31T04:45:28ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-05-0195e15769Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cellsQuang Le0Zhichang Zhang1Daniel Sun2Quanjun Cui3Xinlin Yang4Ameer E. Hassan5Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USADept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA; Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Wehui, 453100, Henan, ChinaDept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USADept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USADept of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, 22903, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, 78550, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Neuroscience, Valley Baptist Medical Center, 2101 Pease St, Harlingen, TX, 78550, USA.Background: Glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are amino sugars found in human extracellular matrix with previously described anti-inflammatory effects. Despite mixed results from clinical studies, these molecules have been used extensively in supplements. Objective: We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of two synthesized derivatives of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), bi-deoxy-N-acetyl-glucosamine (BNAG) 1 and 2. Methods: Using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, the effects of NAG, BNAG 1, and BNAG 2 on the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 were studied using ELISA, Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Cell toxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated using WST-1 assay and the Griess reagent, respectively. Results: Among the three tested compounds, BNAG1 shows the highest inhibition of iNOS, IL-6, TNF α and IL-1β expression and NO production. All three tested compounds show slight inhibition on cell proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, except that BNAG1 displays a remarkable toxicity at the tested maximum dose of 5 mM. Conclusion: BNAG 1 and 2 exhibit notable anti-inflammatory effects compared to the parent NAG molecule.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023029766Anti-inflammationGlucosamineOsteoarthritis |
| spellingShingle | Quang Le Zhichang Zhang Daniel Sun Quanjun Cui Xinlin Yang Ameer E. Hassan Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells Heliyon Anti-inflammation Glucosamine Osteoarthritis |
| title | Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells |
| title_full | Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells |
| title_fullStr | Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells |
| title_short | Anti-inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated N-acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory activities of two new deoxygenated n acetyl glucosamines in lipopolysaccharide activated mouse macrophage raw264 7 cells |
| topic | Anti-inflammation Glucosamine Osteoarthritis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023029766 |
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