Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process
Ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DFC) are two of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation and pain. However, they can impact the environment if not treated adequately before discharge into waterways. Biodegradation through the nitrification process i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2665 |
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| author | Jenny Escobar Leslie Hernández Jorge Leiva González Ricardo Salazar-González Wendy Calzadilla Lorna Guerrero Néstor Escalona César Huiliñir |
| author_facet | Jenny Escobar Leslie Hernández Jorge Leiva González Ricardo Salazar-González Wendy Calzadilla Lorna Guerrero Néstor Escalona César Huiliñir |
| author_sort | Jenny Escobar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DFC) are two of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation and pain. However, they can impact the environment if not treated adequately before discharge into waterways. Biodegradation through the nitrification process is an alternative to reducing the concentration of these micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of natural zeolite on IBP and DFC removal in a nitrifying batch reactor. Mini-reactors were set up with 90 mL of inoculum and 110 mL of synthetic wastewater with a concentration of 25 mg total ammonia nitrogen TAN/L, at 25 °C and 1 vvm (volume of air/volume liquid∙min) of aeration. Two conditions were tested: high concentrations (IBP = 700 μg/L, DFC = 100 μg/L) and low concentrations (IBP = 30 μg/L, DFC = 20 μg/L). The research used a concentration of 5 g/L of the natural zeolite. Results indicated that the zeolite negatively affected the nitrification rate. At high MPs concentration, the natural zeolite negatively affects the removal of IBP and DFC, where biodegradation and sorption are the mechanisms that eliminate both NSAIDs. Conversely, at low DFC and IBP concentrations, the natural zeolite improves the removal of IBP and DFC, wherein biodegradation is the primary removal mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b38210e90cd1481da3f2744611125b47 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:33:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-b38210e90cd1481da3f2744611125b472023-11-18T21:48:31ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-07-011514266510.3390/w15142665Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the ProcessJenny Escobar0Leslie Hernández1Jorge Leiva González2Ricardo Salazar-González3Wendy Calzadilla4Lorna Guerrero5Néstor Escalona6César Huiliñir7Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileGrupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileGrupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Viña del Mar 2390123, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, ChileIbuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DFC) are two of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation and pain. However, they can impact the environment if not treated adequately before discharge into waterways. Biodegradation through the nitrification process is an alternative to reducing the concentration of these micropollutants (MPs) in wastewater. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of natural zeolite on IBP and DFC removal in a nitrifying batch reactor. Mini-reactors were set up with 90 mL of inoculum and 110 mL of synthetic wastewater with a concentration of 25 mg total ammonia nitrogen TAN/L, at 25 °C and 1 vvm (volume of air/volume liquid∙min) of aeration. Two conditions were tested: high concentrations (IBP = 700 μg/L, DFC = 100 μg/L) and low concentrations (IBP = 30 μg/L, DFC = 20 μg/L). The research used a concentration of 5 g/L of the natural zeolite. Results indicated that the zeolite negatively affected the nitrification rate. At high MPs concentration, the natural zeolite negatively affects the removal of IBP and DFC, where biodegradation and sorption are the mechanisms that eliminate both NSAIDs. Conversely, at low DFC and IBP concentrations, the natural zeolite improves the removal of IBP and DFC, wherein biodegradation is the primary removal mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2665diclofenacibuprofenkineticnitrificationzeolite |
| spellingShingle | Jenny Escobar Leslie Hernández Jorge Leiva González Ricardo Salazar-González Wendy Calzadilla Lorna Guerrero Néstor Escalona César Huiliñir Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process Water diclofenac ibuprofen kinetic nitrification zeolite |
| title | Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process |
| title_full | Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process |
| title_short | Removal of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac in Batch Nitrifying Reactors: Effect of Natural Zeolite on the Process |
| title_sort | removal of ibuprofen and diclofenac in batch nitrifying reactors effect of natural zeolite on the process |
| topic | diclofenac ibuprofen kinetic nitrification zeolite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/14/2665 |
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