Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling
A total of three different satellite products, CHIRPS, GPM, and PERSIANN, with different spatial resolutions, were examined for their ability to estimate rainfall data at a pixel level, using 30-year-long observations from six locations. Quantitative and qualitative accuracy indicators, as well as R...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Hydrology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/8/4/154 |
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| author | Bagus Setiabudi Wiwoho Ike Sari Astuti Imam Abdul Gani Alfarizi Hetty Rahmawati Sucahyo |
| author_facet | Bagus Setiabudi Wiwoho Ike Sari Astuti Imam Abdul Gani Alfarizi Hetty Rahmawati Sucahyo |
| author_sort | Bagus Setiabudi Wiwoho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A total of three different satellite products, CHIRPS, GPM, and PERSIANN, with different spatial resolutions, were examined for their ability to estimate rainfall data at a pixel level, using 30-year-long observations from six locations. Quantitative and qualitative accuracy indicators, as well as R<sup>2</sup> and NSE from hydrological estimates, were used as the performance measures. The results show that all of the satellite estimates are unsatisfactory, giving the NRMSE ranging from 6 to 30% at a daily level, with CC only 0.21–0.36. Limited number of gauges, coarse spatial data resolution, and physical terrain complexity were found to be linked with low accuracy. Accuracy was slightly better in dry seasons or low rain rate classes. The errors increased exponentially with the increase in rain rates. CHIPRS and PERSIANN tend to slightly underestimate at lower rain rates, but do show a consistently better performance, with an NRMSE of 6–12%. CHRIPS and PERSIANN also exhibit better estimates of monthly flow data and water balance components, namely runoff, groundwater, and water yield. GPM has a better ability for rainfall event detections, especially during high rainfall events or extremes (>40 mm/day). The errors of the satellite products are generally linked to slope, wind, elevation, and evapotranspiration. Hydrologic simulations using SWAT modelling and the three satellite rainfall products show that CHIRPS slightly has the daily best performance, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.59 and 0.62, and NSE = 0.54, and the monthly aggregated improved at a monthly level. The water balance components generated at an annual level, using three satellite products, show that CHIRPS outperformed with a ration closer to one, though with a tendency to overestimate up to 3–4× times the data generated from the rainfall gauges. The findings of this study are beneficial in supporting efforts for improving satellite rainfall products and water resource implications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:47Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b38605478fc4429f84e730a681a4f5b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5338 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b38605478fc4429f84e730a681a4f5b52023-11-23T08:39:21ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382021-10-018415410.3390/hydrology8040154Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological ModellingBagus Setiabudi Wiwoho0Ike Sari Astuti1Imam Abdul Gani Alfarizi2Hetty Rahmawati Sucahyo3Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, IndonesiaA total of three different satellite products, CHIRPS, GPM, and PERSIANN, with different spatial resolutions, were examined for their ability to estimate rainfall data at a pixel level, using 30-year-long observations from six locations. Quantitative and qualitative accuracy indicators, as well as R<sup>2</sup> and NSE from hydrological estimates, were used as the performance measures. The results show that all of the satellite estimates are unsatisfactory, giving the NRMSE ranging from 6 to 30% at a daily level, with CC only 0.21–0.36. Limited number of gauges, coarse spatial data resolution, and physical terrain complexity were found to be linked with low accuracy. Accuracy was slightly better in dry seasons or low rain rate classes. The errors increased exponentially with the increase in rain rates. CHIPRS and PERSIANN tend to slightly underestimate at lower rain rates, but do show a consistently better performance, with an NRMSE of 6–12%. CHRIPS and PERSIANN also exhibit better estimates of monthly flow data and water balance components, namely runoff, groundwater, and water yield. GPM has a better ability for rainfall event detections, especially during high rainfall events or extremes (>40 mm/day). The errors of the satellite products are generally linked to slope, wind, elevation, and evapotranspiration. Hydrologic simulations using SWAT modelling and the three satellite rainfall products show that CHIRPS slightly has the daily best performance, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.59 and 0.62, and NSE = 0.54, and the monthly aggregated improved at a monthly level. The water balance components generated at an annual level, using three satellite products, show that CHIRPS outperformed with a ration closer to one, though with a tendency to overestimate up to 3–4× times the data generated from the rainfall gauges. The findings of this study are beneficial in supporting efforts for improving satellite rainfall products and water resource implications.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/8/4/154CHIRPSGPMPERSIANNBrantasaccuracyhydrological modeling |
| spellingShingle | Bagus Setiabudi Wiwoho Ike Sari Astuti Imam Abdul Gani Alfarizi Hetty Rahmawati Sucahyo Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling Hydrology CHIRPS GPM PERSIANN Brantas accuracy hydrological modeling |
| title | Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling |
| title_full | Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling |
| title_fullStr | Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling |
| title_short | Validation of Three Daily Satellite Rainfall Products in a Humid Tropic Watershed, Brantas, Indonesia: Implications to Land Characteristics and Hydrological Modelling |
| title_sort | validation of three daily satellite rainfall products in a humid tropic watershed brantas indonesia implications to land characteristics and hydrological modelling |
| topic | CHIRPS GPM PERSIANN Brantas accuracy hydrological modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/8/4/154 |
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