Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions
Flax seed is one of the richest plant sources of linolenic acid (LIN) and also contains unsaturated linoleic acid (LIO) and oleic acid (OLE). Stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs) and fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play key roles in the synthesis of flax fatty acids (FAs). However, there is no holistic vie...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| author | Elena N. Pushkova Liubov V. Povkhova Ekaterina M. Dvorianinova Roman O. Novakovskiy Tatiana A. Rozhmina Aleksey A. Gryzunov Elizaveta A. Sigova Daiana A. Zhernova Elena V. Borkhert Anastasia A. Turba Arthur G. Yablokov Nadezhda L. Bolsheva Alexey A. Dmitriev Nataliya V. Melnikova |
| author_facet | Elena N. Pushkova Liubov V. Povkhova Ekaterina M. Dvorianinova Roman O. Novakovskiy Tatiana A. Rozhmina Aleksey A. Gryzunov Elizaveta A. Sigova Daiana A. Zhernova Elena V. Borkhert Anastasia A. Turba Arthur G. Yablokov Nadezhda L. Bolsheva Alexey A. Dmitriev Nataliya V. Melnikova |
| author_sort | Elena N. Pushkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flax seed is one of the richest plant sources of linolenic acid (LIN) and also contains unsaturated linoleic acid (LIO) and oleic acid (OLE). Stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs) and fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play key roles in the synthesis of flax fatty acids (FAs). However, there is no holistic view of which genes from the <i>SAD</i> and <i>FAD</i> families and at which developmental stages have the highest expression levels in flax seeds, as well as the influence of genotype and growth conditions on the expression profiles of these genes. We sequenced flax seed transcriptomes at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after flowering (DAF) for ten flax varieties with different oil FA compositions grown under three temperature/watering conditions. The expression levels of 25 genes of the <i>SAD</i>, <i>FAD2</i>, and <i>FAD3</i> families were evaluated. <i>FAD3b</i>, <i>FAD3a</i>, <i>FAD2b-2</i>, <i>SAD3-1</i>, <i>SAD2-1</i>, <i>SAD2-2</i>, <i>SAD3-2</i>, <i>FAD2a-1</i>, and <i>FAD2a-2</i> had the highest expression levels, which changed significantly during seed development. These genes probably play a key role in FA synthesis in flax seeds. High temperature and insufficient watering shifted the maximum expression levels of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> genes to earlier developmental stages, while the opposite trend was observed for low temperature and excessive watering. Differences in the <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> expression profiles under different growth conditions may affect the FA composition of linseed oil. Stop codons in the <i>FAD3a</i> gene, resulting in a reduced LIN content, decreased the level of <i>FAD3a</i> transcript. The obtained results provide new insights into the synthesis of linseed oil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:05Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b387470f7c38461298886f9ba80117802024-04-12T13:24:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113795610.3390/plants13070956Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth ConditionsElena N. Pushkova0Liubov V. Povkhova1Ekaterina M. Dvorianinova2Roman O. Novakovskiy3Tatiana A. Rozhmina4Aleksey A. Gryzunov5Elizaveta A. Sigova6Daiana A. Zhernova7Elena V. Borkhert8Anastasia A. Turba9Arthur G. Yablokov10Nadezhda L. Bolsheva11Alexey A. Dmitriev12Nataliya V. Melnikova13Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry—Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127422 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaEngelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFlax seed is one of the richest plant sources of linolenic acid (LIN) and also contains unsaturated linoleic acid (LIO) and oleic acid (OLE). Stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs) and fatty acid desaturases (FADs) play key roles in the synthesis of flax fatty acids (FAs). However, there is no holistic view of which genes from the <i>SAD</i> and <i>FAD</i> families and at which developmental stages have the highest expression levels in flax seeds, as well as the influence of genotype and growth conditions on the expression profiles of these genes. We sequenced flax seed transcriptomes at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after flowering (DAF) for ten flax varieties with different oil FA compositions grown under three temperature/watering conditions. The expression levels of 25 genes of the <i>SAD</i>, <i>FAD2</i>, and <i>FAD3</i> families were evaluated. <i>FAD3b</i>, <i>FAD3a</i>, <i>FAD2b-2</i>, <i>SAD3-1</i>, <i>SAD2-1</i>, <i>SAD2-2</i>, <i>SAD3-2</i>, <i>FAD2a-1</i>, and <i>FAD2a-2</i> had the highest expression levels, which changed significantly during seed development. These genes probably play a key role in FA synthesis in flax seeds. High temperature and insufficient watering shifted the maximum expression levels of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> genes to earlier developmental stages, while the opposite trend was observed for low temperature and excessive watering. Differences in the <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> expression profiles under different growth conditions may affect the FA composition of linseed oil. Stop codons in the <i>FAD3a</i> gene, resulting in a reduced LIN content, decreased the level of <i>FAD3a</i> transcript. The obtained results provide new insights into the synthesis of linseed oil.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/956<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>flaxfatty acids<i>SAD</i><i>FAD</i>gene expression |
| spellingShingle | Elena N. Pushkova Liubov V. Povkhova Ekaterina M. Dvorianinova Roman O. Novakovskiy Tatiana A. Rozhmina Aleksey A. Gryzunov Elizaveta A. Sigova Daiana A. Zhernova Elena V. Borkhert Anastasia A. Turba Arthur G. Yablokov Nadezhda L. Bolsheva Alexey A. Dmitriev Nataliya V. Melnikova Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions Plants <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> flax fatty acids <i>SAD</i> <i>FAD</i> gene expression |
| title | Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions |
| title_full | Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions |
| title_short | Expression of <i>FAD</i> and <i>SAD</i> Genes in Developing Seeds of Flax Varieties under Different Growth Conditions |
| title_sort | expression of i fad i and i sad i genes in developing seeds of flax varieties under different growth conditions |
| topic | <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> flax fatty acids <i>SAD</i> <i>FAD</i> gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/956 |
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