Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models
Urban looped water distribution systems are highly vulnerable to water quality issues. They could be subject to contamination events (accidental or deliberate), compromising the water quality inside them and causing damage to the users’ health. An efficient monitoring system must be developed to pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/559 |
| _version_ | 1797623071529500672 |
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| author | Stefania Piazza Mariacrocetta Sambito Gabriele Freni |
| author_facet | Stefania Piazza Mariacrocetta Sambito Gabriele Freni |
| author_sort | Stefania Piazza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urban looped water distribution systems are highly vulnerable to water quality issues. They could be subject to contamination events (accidental or deliberate), compromising the water quality inside them and causing damage to the users’ health. An efficient monitoring system must be developed to prevent this, supported by a suitable model for assessing water quality. Currently, several studies use advective–reactive models to analyse water quality, neglecting diffusive transport, which is claimed to be irrelevant in turbulent flows. Although this may be true in simple systems, such as linear transport pipes, the presence of laminar flows in looped systems may be significant, especially at night and in the peripheral parts of the network. In this paper, a numerical optimisation approach has been compared with the results of an experimental campaign using three different numerical models as inputs (EPANET advective model, the AZRED model in which diffusion–dispersion equations have been implemented, and a new diffusive–dispersive model in dynamic conditions using the random walk method, EPANET-DD). The optimisation problem was formulated using the Monte Carlo method. The results demonstrated a significant difference in sensor placement based on the numerical model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:20:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3922c8020eb49408475e22ce6a9fe08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:20:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3922c8020eb49408475e22ce6a9fe082023-11-16T18:24:20ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-01-0115355910.3390/w15030559Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality ModelsStefania Piazza0Mariacrocetta Sambito1Gabriele Freni2School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, ItalySchool of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, ItalySchool of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, ItalyUrban looped water distribution systems are highly vulnerable to water quality issues. They could be subject to contamination events (accidental or deliberate), compromising the water quality inside them and causing damage to the users’ health. An efficient monitoring system must be developed to prevent this, supported by a suitable model for assessing water quality. Currently, several studies use advective–reactive models to analyse water quality, neglecting diffusive transport, which is claimed to be irrelevant in turbulent flows. Although this may be true in simple systems, such as linear transport pipes, the presence of laminar flows in looped systems may be significant, especially at night and in the peripheral parts of the network. In this paper, a numerical optimisation approach has been compared with the results of an experimental campaign using three different numerical models as inputs (EPANET advective model, the AZRED model in which diffusion–dispersion equations have been implemented, and a new diffusive–dispersive model in dynamic conditions using the random walk method, EPANET-DD). The optimisation problem was formulated using the Monte Carlo method. The results demonstrated a significant difference in sensor placement based on the numerical model.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/559advectiondispersionoptimal position of sensorsrandom walk modelwater qualitywater distribution network |
| spellingShingle | Stefania Piazza Mariacrocetta Sambito Gabriele Freni Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models Water advection dispersion optimal position of sensors random walk model water quality water distribution network |
| title | Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models |
| title_full | Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models |
| title_short | Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models |
| title_sort | analysis of optimal sensor placement in looped water distribution networks using different water quality models |
| topic | advection dispersion optimal position of sensors random walk model water quality water distribution network |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/559 |
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