Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia

Ali Hakami,1 Mohammed Badedi,2 Mohammed Elsiddig,1 Mohammed Nadeem,1 Nada Altherwi,1 Raed Rayani,1 Akram Alhazmi1 1Kidney Center, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Administration of Research & Studies, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence...

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Main Authors: Hakami A, Badedi M, Elsiddig M, Nadeem M, Altherwi N, Rayani R, Alhazmi A
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-08-01
Series:International Journal of General Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/clinical-characteristics-and-early-outcomes-of-hospitalized-covid-19-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
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author Hakami A
Badedi M
Elsiddig M
Nadeem M
Altherwi N
Rayani R
Alhazmi A
author_facet Hakami A
Badedi M
Elsiddig M
Nadeem M
Altherwi N
Rayani R
Alhazmi A
author_sort Hakami A
collection DOAJ
description Ali Hakami,1 Mohammed Badedi,2 Mohammed Elsiddig,1 Mohammed Nadeem,1 Nada Altherwi,1 Raed Rayani,1 Akram Alhazmi1 1Kidney Center, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Administration of Research & Studies, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ali Hakami Tel +966 505797663Email alialhakami2003@yahoo.comBackground: The prognosis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be poor in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Limited information is available on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of such patients in Arab countries. The present study aimed to address this gap.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 101 patients with ESKD who were hospitalized for COVID-19 between May 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 at King Fahad Central Hospital (single center), Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Cox regression were performed in the statistical analysis.Results: Of the 101 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with ESKD, 20 patients died (19.8%). Patients aged ≥ 65 years had a significant mortality risk. Mortality was higher in male patients (70%) than in female patients (30%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (88%), diabetes mellitus (47%), and heart disease (17%). The presence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases along with ESKD increased the mortality risk [relative risk (RR) = 6.5 and RR = 3.8, respectively]. The most frequently reported clinical symptoms were fever (50%), shortness of breath (41%), and cough (35%). In total, 17% of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and required mechanical ventilation. Most patients had bilateral lung infiltrates (88%). Hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were significantly lower in the deceased patients than in the surviving ones. Moreover, compared with the surviving patients, higher degree of lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, ferritin, D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, and aspartate transaminase were detected in the deceased patients. Septic shock (20%) and respiratory failure (19%) were the most prevalent complications resulting in death.Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with ESKD have an increased risk of poor outcomes and mortality. The mortality risk increases with an increase in age and the presence of other comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers correlate with disease severity and are associated with in-hospital mortality in this population.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, end-stage kidney disease, ESKD
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spelling doaj.art-b39940b9cff4404dbc8049bc3f0b971b2022-12-21T18:30:03ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of General Medicine1178-70742021-08-01Volume 144837484568226Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi ArabiaHakami ABadedi MElsiddig MNadeem MAltherwi NRayani RAlhazmi AAli Hakami,1 Mohammed Badedi,2 Mohammed Elsiddig,1 Mohammed Nadeem,1 Nada Altherwi,1 Raed Rayani,1 Akram Alhazmi1 1Kidney Center, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Administration of Research & Studies, Jazan Health Affairs, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ali Hakami Tel +966 505797663Email alialhakami2003@yahoo.comBackground: The prognosis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be poor in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Limited information is available on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of such patients in Arab countries. The present study aimed to address this gap.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 101 patients with ESKD who were hospitalized for COVID-19 between May 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 at King Fahad Central Hospital (single center), Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Cox regression were performed in the statistical analysis.Results: Of the 101 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with ESKD, 20 patients died (19.8%). Patients aged ≥ 65 years had a significant mortality risk. Mortality was higher in male patients (70%) than in female patients (30%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (88%), diabetes mellitus (47%), and heart disease (17%). The presence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases along with ESKD increased the mortality risk [relative risk (RR) = 6.5 and RR = 3.8, respectively]. The most frequently reported clinical symptoms were fever (50%), shortness of breath (41%), and cough (35%). In total, 17% of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and required mechanical ventilation. Most patients had bilateral lung infiltrates (88%). Hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were significantly lower in the deceased patients than in the surviving ones. Moreover, compared with the surviving patients, higher degree of lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, ferritin, D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, and aspartate transaminase were detected in the deceased patients. Septic shock (20%) and respiratory failure (19%) were the most prevalent complications resulting in death.Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with ESKD have an increased risk of poor outcomes and mortality. The mortality risk increases with an increase in age and the presence of other comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers correlate with disease severity and are associated with in-hospital mortality in this population.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, end-stage kidney disease, ESKDhttps://www.dovepress.com/clinical-characteristics-and-early-outcomes-of-hospitalized-covid-19-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGMcovid-19sars-cov-2end stage kidney diseaseeskd
spellingShingle Hakami A
Badedi M
Elsiddig M
Nadeem M
Altherwi N
Rayani R
Alhazmi A
Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
International Journal of General Medicine
covid-19
sars-cov-2
end stage kidney disease
eskd
title Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
title_full Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
title_short Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
title_sort clinical characteristics and early outcomes of hospitalized covid 19 patients with end stage kidney disease in saudi arabia
topic covid-19
sars-cov-2
end stage kidney disease
eskd
url https://www.dovepress.com/clinical-characteristics-and-early-outcomes-of-hospitalized-covid-19-p-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
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