Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia
Summary: Background: The eye-seeking fly Musca sorbens can act as a vector for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, causing trachoma, yet there has been very little research on control measures. We investigated whether insect repellent products, specifically insecticide-treated clothing, could provide per...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-07-01
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| Series: | EClinicalMedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022002176 |
| _version_ | 1818471120100130816 |
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| author | Ailie Robinson Laura Reis de Oliveira Gomes Oumer Shafi Abdurahman Wondu Alemayehu Gemeda Shuka Ewunetu Melese Meseret Guye Demitu Legesse Eden Elias Kedir Temam Korso Hirpo Koro Dereje Adugna Fikre Seife Muluadam Abraham Aga Virginia Sarah Saba M. Lambert Stephen L. Walker Esmael Habtamu Anthony W. Solomon Anna Last David Macleod Matthew J. Burton James G. Logan |
| author_facet | Ailie Robinson Laura Reis de Oliveira Gomes Oumer Shafi Abdurahman Wondu Alemayehu Gemeda Shuka Ewunetu Melese Meseret Guye Demitu Legesse Eden Elias Kedir Temam Korso Hirpo Koro Dereje Adugna Fikre Seife Muluadam Abraham Aga Virginia Sarah Saba M. Lambert Stephen L. Walker Esmael Habtamu Anthony W. Solomon Anna Last David Macleod Matthew J. Burton James G. Logan |
| author_sort | Ailie Robinson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: The eye-seeking fly Musca sorbens can act as a vector for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, causing trachoma, yet there has been very little research on control measures. We investigated whether insect repellent products, specifically insecticide-treated clothing, could provide personal protection to the user from eye-seeking flies. Methods: We first conducted a series of phase I laboratory studies to inform our choice of field intervention. We then conducted a phase II randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of permethrin-treated scarves (PTS) in reducing fly-face contact in Oromia, Ethiopia. Children aged 4-10 years in full health and with no known adverse reactions to permethrin or other insecticides were allocated to either arm using restricted randomisation. Intervention arm children wore Insect Shield® versatile wraps (as PTS) for 28 days. The primary outcomes, fly-eye, -nose and -mouth contact, were assessed on the first day (0/30/60/180 minutes), on day 7 and on day 28. All participants present per timepoint were included in analyses. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03813069). Findings: Participants were recruited to the field trial between 29/10/2019 and 01/11/2019, 58 were randomised to test or control arm. More fly (-eye, -nose and -mouth) contacts were observed in the PTS arm at baseline. After adjusting for baseline contact rates, across all timepoints there was a 35% decrease in fly-eye contacts in the PTS relative to control arm (rate ratio [RR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.83). Similar cross-timepoint reductions were seen for fly-nose and fly-mouth contacts (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.92 and RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.01, respectively). All children were included on day 0. Two in the control arm were absent on day 7, one left the study and four were excluded from analysis at day 28. No adverse events occurred in the trial. Interpretation: Musca sorbens flies are sufficiently repelled by PTS to reduce fly-eye contacts for the wearer, thus possibly reducing the risk of trachoma transmission. Permethrin-treated scarves may therefore an alternative to insecticide space spraying for protection from these flies. Funding: Wellcome Trust. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:46:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3a7d77f6aba492db2c9f6c9868c7a7a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-5370 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T21:46:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EClinicalMedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3a7d77f6aba492db2c9f6c9868c7a7a2022-12-22T02:28:34ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702022-07-0149101487Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, EthiopiaAilie Robinson0Laura Reis de Oliveira Gomes1Oumer Shafi Abdurahman2Wondu Alemayehu3Gemeda Shuka4Ewunetu Melese5Meseret Guye6Demitu Legesse7Eden Elias8Kedir Temam9Korso Hirpo Koro10Dereje Adugna11Fikre Seife12Muluadam Abraham Aga13Virginia Sarah14Saba M. Lambert15Stephen L. Walker16Esmael Habtamu17Anthony W. Solomon18Anna Last19David Macleod20Matthew J. Burton21James G. Logan22Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; Correspondence to: Dr Ailie Robinson, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaOromia Regional Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaThe Fred Hollows Foundation, P.O. Box 6307, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaGlobal Partnerships Executive, The Fred Hollows Foundation, 12-15 Crawford Mews, York Street, London W1H1LXDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKInternational Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Genève, SwitzerlandDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKInternational Centre for Eye Health, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UKSummary: Background: The eye-seeking fly Musca sorbens can act as a vector for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, causing trachoma, yet there has been very little research on control measures. We investigated whether insect repellent products, specifically insecticide-treated clothing, could provide personal protection to the user from eye-seeking flies. Methods: We first conducted a series of phase I laboratory studies to inform our choice of field intervention. We then conducted a phase II randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of permethrin-treated scarves (PTS) in reducing fly-face contact in Oromia, Ethiopia. Children aged 4-10 years in full health and with no known adverse reactions to permethrin or other insecticides were allocated to either arm using restricted randomisation. Intervention arm children wore Insect Shield® versatile wraps (as PTS) for 28 days. The primary outcomes, fly-eye, -nose and -mouth contact, were assessed on the first day (0/30/60/180 minutes), on day 7 and on day 28. All participants present per timepoint were included in analyses. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03813069). Findings: Participants were recruited to the field trial between 29/10/2019 and 01/11/2019, 58 were randomised to test or control arm. More fly (-eye, -nose and -mouth) contacts were observed in the PTS arm at baseline. After adjusting for baseline contact rates, across all timepoints there was a 35% decrease in fly-eye contacts in the PTS relative to control arm (rate ratio [RR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.83). Similar cross-timepoint reductions were seen for fly-nose and fly-mouth contacts (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.92 and RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.01, respectively). All children were included on day 0. Two in the control arm were absent on day 7, one left the study and four were excluded from analysis at day 28. No adverse events occurred in the trial. Interpretation: Musca sorbens flies are sufficiently repelled by PTS to reduce fly-eye contacts for the wearer, thus possibly reducing the risk of trachoma transmission. Permethrin-treated scarves may therefore an alternative to insecticide space spraying for protection from these flies. Funding: Wellcome Trust.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022002176Musca sorbensTrachomaPersonal protectionInsecticide-treated clothingEyeseeking fliesVector-borne disease |
| spellingShingle | Ailie Robinson Laura Reis de Oliveira Gomes Oumer Shafi Abdurahman Wondu Alemayehu Gemeda Shuka Ewunetu Melese Meseret Guye Demitu Legesse Eden Elias Kedir Temam Korso Hirpo Koro Dereje Adugna Fikre Seife Muluadam Abraham Aga Virginia Sarah Saba M. Lambert Stephen L. Walker Esmael Habtamu Anthony W. Solomon Anna Last David Macleod Matthew J. Burton James G. Logan Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia EClinicalMedicine Musca sorbens Trachoma Personal protection Insecticide-treated clothing Eyeseeking flies Vector-borne disease |
| title | Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector Musca sorbens (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector musca sorbens diptera muscidae a phase ii randomised controlled trial in oromia ethiopia |
| topic | Musca sorbens Trachoma Personal protection Insecticide-treated clothing Eyeseeking flies Vector-borne disease |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022002176 |
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