Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon
With current observations and future projections of more intense and frequent droughts in the tropics, understanding the impact that extensive dry periods may have on tree and ecosystem-level transpiration and concurrent carbon uptake has become increasingly important. Here, we investigate paired so...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.825097/full |
| _version_ | 1811311743789432832 |
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| author | Gustavo C. Spanner Bruno O. Gimenez Bruno O. Gimenez Cynthia L. Wright Valdiek Silva Menezes Brent D. Newman Adam D. Collins Kolby J. Jardine Kolby J. Jardine Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez Adriano José Nogueira Lima Jardel Ramos Rodrigues Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Niro Higuchi Jeffrey M. Warren |
| author_facet | Gustavo C. Spanner Bruno O. Gimenez Bruno O. Gimenez Cynthia L. Wright Valdiek Silva Menezes Brent D. Newman Adam D. Collins Kolby J. Jardine Kolby J. Jardine Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez Adriano José Nogueira Lima Jardel Ramos Rodrigues Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Niro Higuchi Jeffrey M. Warren |
| author_sort | Gustavo C. Spanner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With current observations and future projections of more intense and frequent droughts in the tropics, understanding the impact that extensive dry periods may have on tree and ecosystem-level transpiration and concurrent carbon uptake has become increasingly important. Here, we investigate paired soil and tree water extraction dynamics in an old-growth upland forest in central Amazonia during the 2018 dry season. Tree water use was assessed via radial patterns of sap flow in eight dominant canopy trees, each a different species with a range in diameter, height, and wood density. Paired multi-sensor soil moisture probes used to quantify volumetric water content dynamics and soil water extraction within the upper 100 cm were installed adjacent to six of those trees. To link depth-specific water extraction patterns to root distribution, fine root biomass was assessed through the soil profile to 235 cm. To scale tree water use to the plot level (stand transpiration), basal area was measured for all trees within a 5 m radius around each soil moisture probe. The sensitivity of tree transpiration to reduced precipitation varied by tree, with some increasing and some decreasing in water use during the dry period. Tree-level water use scaled with sapwood area, from 11 to 190 L per day. Stand level water use, based on multiple plots encompassing sap flow and adjacent trees, varied from ∼1.7 to 3.3 mm per day, increasing linearly with plot basal area. Soil water extraction was dependent on root biomass, which was dense at the surface (i.e., 45% in the upper 5 cm) and declined dramatically with depth. As the dry season progressed and the upper soil dried, soil water extraction shifted to deeper levels and model projections suggest that much of the water used during the month-long dry-down could be extracted from the upper 2–3 m. Results indicate variation in rates of soil water extraction across the research area and, temporally, through the soil profile. These results provide key information on whole-tree contributions to transpiration by canopy trees as water availability changes. In addition, information on simultaneous stand level dynamics of soil water extraction that can inform mechanistic models that project tropical forest response to drought. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:24:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3aea3d1e6b144acbbce1cc20362ea69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:24:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3aea3d1e6b144acbbce1cc20362ea692022-12-22T02:50:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-03-011310.3389/fpls.2022.825097825097Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central AmazonGustavo C. Spanner0Bruno O. Gimenez1Bruno O. Gimenez2Cynthia L. Wright3Valdiek Silva Menezes4Brent D. Newman5Adam D. Collins6Kolby J. Jardine7Kolby J. Jardine8Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez9Adriano José Nogueira Lima10Jardel Ramos Rodrigues11Jeffrey Q. Chambers12Jeffrey Q. Chambers13Jeffrey Q. Chambers14Niro Higuchi15Jeffrey M. Warren16National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama City, PanamaOak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United StatesNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United StatesLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United StatesNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United StatesDepartment of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesNational Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, BrazilOak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesWith current observations and future projections of more intense and frequent droughts in the tropics, understanding the impact that extensive dry periods may have on tree and ecosystem-level transpiration and concurrent carbon uptake has become increasingly important. Here, we investigate paired soil and tree water extraction dynamics in an old-growth upland forest in central Amazonia during the 2018 dry season. Tree water use was assessed via radial patterns of sap flow in eight dominant canopy trees, each a different species with a range in diameter, height, and wood density. Paired multi-sensor soil moisture probes used to quantify volumetric water content dynamics and soil water extraction within the upper 100 cm were installed adjacent to six of those trees. To link depth-specific water extraction patterns to root distribution, fine root biomass was assessed through the soil profile to 235 cm. To scale tree water use to the plot level (stand transpiration), basal area was measured for all trees within a 5 m radius around each soil moisture probe. The sensitivity of tree transpiration to reduced precipitation varied by tree, with some increasing and some decreasing in water use during the dry period. Tree-level water use scaled with sapwood area, from 11 to 190 L per day. Stand level water use, based on multiple plots encompassing sap flow and adjacent trees, varied from ∼1.7 to 3.3 mm per day, increasing linearly with plot basal area. Soil water extraction was dependent on root biomass, which was dense at the surface (i.e., 45% in the upper 5 cm) and declined dramatically with depth. As the dry season progressed and the upper soil dried, soil water extraction shifted to deeper levels and model projections suggest that much of the water used during the month-long dry-down could be extracted from the upper 2–3 m. Results indicate variation in rates of soil water extraction across the research area and, temporally, through the soil profile. These results provide key information on whole-tree contributions to transpiration by canopy trees as water availability changes. In addition, information on simultaneous stand level dynamics of soil water extraction that can inform mechanistic models that project tropical forest response to drought.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.825097/fullallometrytropical forestsecohydrologyroot water uptakebasal arearoot distribution |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo C. Spanner Bruno O. Gimenez Bruno O. Gimenez Cynthia L. Wright Valdiek Silva Menezes Brent D. Newman Adam D. Collins Kolby J. Jardine Kolby J. Jardine Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez Adriano José Nogueira Lima Jardel Ramos Rodrigues Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Jeffrey Q. Chambers Niro Higuchi Jeffrey M. Warren Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon Frontiers in Plant Science allometry tropical forests ecohydrology root water uptake basal area root distribution |
| title | Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon |
| title_full | Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon |
| title_fullStr | Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon |
| title_short | Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon |
| title_sort | dry season transpiration and soil water dynamics in the central amazon |
| topic | allometry tropical forests ecohydrology root water uptake basal area root distribution |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.825097/full |
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