Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach
During self-control, we may resist short-term temptations in order to reach a favorable future (e.g., resisting cake to stay healthy). The neural basis of self-control is typically attributed to “cold,” unemotional cognitive control mechanisms which inhibit affect-related regions via the prefrontal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00297/full |
| _version_ | 1811283084850495488 |
|---|---|
| author | Johann D. Kruschwitz Johann D. Kruschwitz Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Lea Waller Lea Waller David List David List David Wisniewski Uta Wolfensteller Uta Wolfensteller Thomas Goschke Thomas Goschke Henrik Walter |
| author_facet | Johann D. Kruschwitz Johann D. Kruschwitz Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Lea Waller Lea Waller David List David List David Wisniewski Uta Wolfensteller Uta Wolfensteller Thomas Goschke Thomas Goschke Henrik Walter |
| author_sort | Johann D. Kruschwitz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During self-control, we may resist short-term temptations in order to reach a favorable future (e.g., resisting cake to stay healthy). The neural basis of self-control is typically attributed to “cold,” unemotional cognitive control mechanisms which inhibit affect-related regions via the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigate the neural underpinnings of regulating cravings by mentally evoking the positive consequences of resisting a temptation (e.g., being healthy) as opposed to evoking the negative consequences of giving in to a temptation (e.g., becoming overweight). It is conceivable that when using these types of strategies, regions associated with emotional processing [e.g., striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)] are involved in addition to control-related prefrontal and parietal regions. Thirty-one participants saw pictures of unhealthy snacks in the fMRI scanner and, depending on the trial, regulated their craving by thinking of the positive consequences of resisting, or the negative consequences of not resisting. In a control condition, they anticipated the pleasure of eating and thus, allowed the craving to occur (now-condition). In line with previous studies, we found activation of a cognitive control network during self-regulation. In the negative future thinking condition, the insula was more active than in the positive condition, while there were no activations that were stronger in the positive (> negative) future thinking condition. However, additionally, multivariate pattern analysis showed that during craving regulation, information about the valence of anticipated emotions was present in the vmPFC, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the insula. Moreover, a network including vmPFC and PCC showed higher connectivity during the positive (> negative) future thinking condition. Since these regions are often associated with affective processing, these findings suggest that “hot,” affective processes may, at least in certain circumstances, play a role in self-control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:04:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3b1d8900aff4be392b419ab90716ba6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:04:14Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3b1d8900aff4be392b419ab90716ba62022-12-22T03:07:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532018-12-011210.3389/fnbeh.2018.00297427040Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity ApproachJohann D. Kruschwitz0Johann D. Kruschwitz1Vera U. Ludwig2Vera U. Ludwig3Vera U. Ludwig4Lea Waller5Lea Waller6David List7David List8David Wisniewski9Uta Wolfensteller10Uta Wolfensteller11Thomas Goschke12Thomas Goschke13Henrik Walter14Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyCollaborative Research Centre 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control”, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyBerlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, GermanyMindfulness Center, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyCollaborative Research Centre 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control”, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyCollaborative Research Centre 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control”, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumCollaborative Research Centre 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control”, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyFaculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyCollaborative Research Centre 940 “Volition and Cognitive Control”, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyFaculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, GermanyDivision of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, GermanyDuring self-control, we may resist short-term temptations in order to reach a favorable future (e.g., resisting cake to stay healthy). The neural basis of self-control is typically attributed to “cold,” unemotional cognitive control mechanisms which inhibit affect-related regions via the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we investigate the neural underpinnings of regulating cravings by mentally evoking the positive consequences of resisting a temptation (e.g., being healthy) as opposed to evoking the negative consequences of giving in to a temptation (e.g., becoming overweight). It is conceivable that when using these types of strategies, regions associated with emotional processing [e.g., striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)] are involved in addition to control-related prefrontal and parietal regions. Thirty-one participants saw pictures of unhealthy snacks in the fMRI scanner and, depending on the trial, regulated their craving by thinking of the positive consequences of resisting, or the negative consequences of not resisting. In a control condition, they anticipated the pleasure of eating and thus, allowed the craving to occur (now-condition). In line with previous studies, we found activation of a cognitive control network during self-regulation. In the negative future thinking condition, the insula was more active than in the positive condition, while there were no activations that were stronger in the positive (> negative) future thinking condition. However, additionally, multivariate pattern analysis showed that during craving regulation, information about the valence of anticipated emotions was present in the vmPFC, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the insula. Moreover, a network including vmPFC and PCC showed higher connectivity during the positive (> negative) future thinking condition. Since these regions are often associated with affective processing, these findings suggest that “hot,” affective processes may, at least in certain circumstances, play a role in self-control.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00297/fullanticipated emotionsself-controlvolitionfuture thinkingfMRIself-regulation |
| spellingShingle | Johann D. Kruschwitz Johann D. Kruschwitz Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Vera U. Ludwig Lea Waller Lea Waller David List David List David Wisniewski Uta Wolfensteller Uta Wolfensteller Thomas Goschke Thomas Goschke Henrik Walter Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience anticipated emotions self-control volition future thinking fMRI self-regulation |
| title | Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach |
| title_full | Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach |
| title_fullStr | Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach |
| title_short | Regulating Craving by Anticipating Positive and Negative Outcomes: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis and Network Connectivity Approach |
| title_sort | regulating craving by anticipating positive and negative outcomes a multivariate pattern analysis and network connectivity approach |
| topic | anticipated emotions self-control volition future thinking fMRI self-regulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00297/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johanndkruschwitz regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT johanndkruschwitz regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT verauludwig regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT verauludwig regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT verauludwig regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT leawaller regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT leawaller regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT davidlist regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT davidlist regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT davidwisniewski regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT utawolfensteller regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT utawolfensteller regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT thomasgoschke regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT thomasgoschke regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach AT henrikwalter regulatingcravingbyanticipatingpositiveandnegativeoutcomesamultivariatepatternanalysisandnetworkconnectivityapproach |