Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study
Abstract Background Since the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran on 19 February 2020, our country has been one of the worst affected countries by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. In addition to demographic and clinical characteristics, the number of hospitalized cases and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07312-7 |
| _version_ | 1811284740505862144 |
|---|---|
| author | Ezat Hesni Babak Sayad Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani Farid Najafi Reza Khodarahmi Zohreh Rahimi Arezoo Bozorgomid Nazanin Sayad |
| author_facet | Ezat Hesni Babak Sayad Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani Farid Najafi Reza Khodarahmi Zohreh Rahimi Arezoo Bozorgomid Nazanin Sayad |
| author_sort | Ezat Hesni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Since the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran on 19 February 2020, our country has been one of the worst affected countries by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. In addition to demographic and clinical characteristics, the number of hospitalized cases and deaths is an important factor for evidence-based decision-making and disease control and preparing the healthcare system to face the future challenges of COVID-19. Therefore, this cohort study was conducted to determine the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in Kermanshah Province, Iran during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics, clinical characteristics, outcomes and other additional information of hospitalized patients were collected from the COVID-19 database of the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of Kermanshah Province. Results Kermanshah Province experienced three waves of COVID-19 infection considering the hospitalization and mortality rates between February 20, 2020 and February 19, 2021. A total of 27,256 patients were included in the study: 5203 (19.09%) subjects were suspected, 9136(33.52%) were probable, and 12,917 (47.39%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. The mean age of the patients was 53.34 ± 22.74 years and 14,648 (53.74%) were male. The median length of hospital stay among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors patients were 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–6) and 4 (IQR 1–8) days, respectively. Among patients with COVID-19, 2646 (9.71%) died during hospitalization. A multivariable logistic regression revealed that odds of death among patients ≥ 85 years was significantly greater than among patients < 15 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.43–6.71, p≤ 0.001). Patients with one (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.59, p = 0.04), two (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27–1.92, p = 0.001) or more (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04–2.17, p = 0.03) comorbidities had higher odds of in-hospital death compared to those without comorbidities. The male sex (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07- 1.35, p = 0.002), ICU admission (aOR 4.35, 95% CI 3.80–4.97, p < 0.001), intubation (aOR 11.09, 95% CI 9.58–12.84, p < 0.001), respiratory distress (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.61, p < 0.001), loss of consciousness (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.45–2.25, p < 0.001), anorexia (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.70, p = 0.006) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 93(aOR 2.72, 95% CI 2.34–3.16, p < 0.001) on admission were associated with increased risk of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Having cough (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.93, p = 0.003) and headache (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03) decreased the odds of death. Conclusion The mortality rate of the patients admitted to the general wards and ICU can be a guide for allocating resources and making appropriate plans to provide better medical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several risk factors are associated with the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19, including advanced age, male sex, ICU admission, intubation, having comorbidity, SpO2 < 93, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, headache, anorexia, and cough. These risk factors could help clinicians identify patients at high risk for death. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:34:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3b43aade3cc431fa2e7649b40257df7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:34:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3b43aade3cc431fa2e7649b40257df72022-12-22T03:06:27ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342022-03-0122111210.1186/s12879-022-07312-7Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort studyEzat Hesni0Babak Sayad1Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani2Farid Najafi3Reza Khodarahmi4Zohreh Rahimi5Arezoo Bozorgomid6Nazanin Sayad7Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical SciencesInfectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesMedical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesInfectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Since the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Iran on 19 February 2020, our country has been one of the worst affected countries by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. In addition to demographic and clinical characteristics, the number of hospitalized cases and deaths is an important factor for evidence-based decision-making and disease control and preparing the healthcare system to face the future challenges of COVID-19. Therefore, this cohort study was conducted to determine the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in Kermanshah Province, Iran during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics, clinical characteristics, outcomes and other additional information of hospitalized patients were collected from the COVID-19 database of the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of Kermanshah Province. Results Kermanshah Province experienced three waves of COVID-19 infection considering the hospitalization and mortality rates between February 20, 2020 and February 19, 2021. A total of 27,256 patients were included in the study: 5203 (19.09%) subjects were suspected, 9136(33.52%) were probable, and 12,917 (47.39%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. The mean age of the patients was 53.34 ± 22.74 years and 14,648 (53.74%) were male. The median length of hospital stay among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors patients were 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–6) and 4 (IQR 1–8) days, respectively. Among patients with COVID-19, 2646 (9.71%) died during hospitalization. A multivariable logistic regression revealed that odds of death among patients ≥ 85 years was significantly greater than among patients < 15 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.43–6.71, p≤ 0.001). Patients with one (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.59, p = 0.04), two (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.27–1.92, p = 0.001) or more (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04–2.17, p = 0.03) comorbidities had higher odds of in-hospital death compared to those without comorbidities. The male sex (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07- 1.35, p = 0.002), ICU admission (aOR 4.35, 95% CI 3.80–4.97, p < 0.001), intubation (aOR 11.09, 95% CI 9.58–12.84, p < 0.001), respiratory distress (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.61, p < 0.001), loss of consciousness (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.45–2.25, p < 0.001), anorexia (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09–1.70, p = 0.006) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 93(aOR 2.72, 95% CI 2.34–3.16, p < 0.001) on admission were associated with increased risk of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Having cough (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.93, p = 0.003) and headache (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03) decreased the odds of death. Conclusion The mortality rate of the patients admitted to the general wards and ICU can be a guide for allocating resources and making appropriate plans to provide better medical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several risk factors are associated with the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19, including advanced age, male sex, ICU admission, intubation, having comorbidity, SpO2 < 93, respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, headache, anorexia, and cough. These risk factors could help clinicians identify patients at high risk for death.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07312-7COVID-19SARS-CoV-2PrevalenceRisk factorsMortalityKermanshah |
| spellingShingle | Ezat Hesni Babak Sayad Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani Farid Najafi Reza Khodarahmi Zohreh Rahimi Arezoo Bozorgomid Nazanin Sayad Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study BMC Infectious Diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence Risk factors Mortality Kermanshah |
| title | Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study |
| title_full | Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study |
| title_short | Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 27,256 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kermanshah Province, Iran: a retrospective one-year cohort study |
| title_sort | demographics clinical characteristics and outcomes of 27 256 hospitalized covid 19 patients in kermanshah province iran a retrospective one year cohort study |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence Risk factors Mortality Kermanshah |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07312-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ezathesni demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT babaksayad demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT fatemehkhosravishadmani demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT faridnajafi demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT rezakhodarahmi demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT zohrehrahimi demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT arezoobozorgomid demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy AT nazaninsayad demographicsclinicalcharacteristicsandoutcomesof27256hospitalizedcovid19patientsinkermanshahprovinceiranaretrospectiveoneyearcohortstudy |