Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy
IntroductionThe prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing, emphasizing the need for an animal model to enhance our understanding of peanut allergy pathogenesis and to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. While mice are frequently used as model organisms, their allergic response...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Allergy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/falgy.2024.1278801/full |
| _version_ | 1827353399086022656 |
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| author | Akhilesh Kumar Shakya Brittany Backus Lazar D. Nesovic Malini Mallick Olivia Banister Carla M. Davis Sara Anvari Harvinder Singh Gill |
| author_facet | Akhilesh Kumar Shakya Brittany Backus Lazar D. Nesovic Malini Mallick Olivia Banister Carla M. Davis Sara Anvari Harvinder Singh Gill |
| author_sort | Akhilesh Kumar Shakya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing, emphasizing the need for an animal model to enhance our understanding of peanut allergy pathogenesis and to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. While mice are frequently used as model organisms, their allergic responses do not fully mirror those observed in humans, warranting the exploration of a higher animal model. The porcine gastrointestinal system closely resembles that of humans, and exhibits allergy symptoms akin to human responses, making pigs a promising model for peanut allergy research.MethodsIn this study we compared two allergen sensitization protocols involving either topical allergen application after repeated tape stripping (TS) or intraperitoneal (IP) injections to induce peanut-specific allergy and anaphylaxis reactions in mini pigs. Mini pigs sensitized with a combination of peanut protein extract (PE) and cholera toxin (CT) through either the IP or the TS route.ResultsSensitized pigs via both methods developed systemic PE-specific IgG and IgE responses. Following peanut challenge via the IP route, both TS- and IP-sensitized pigs displayed allergy symptoms, including lethargy, skin rashes, vomiting, and a drop in body temperature. However, respiratory distress was observed exclusively in pigs sensitized through the TS route and not in those sensitized through the IP route. However, it is noteworthy that both groups of sensitized pigs maintained peanut hypersensitivity for up to two months post-sensitization, albeit with a reduction in the severity of allergy symptoms. Importantly, both groups exhibited sustained levels of PE-specific IgG, IgE, and elevated concentrations of mast cell protease in their blood following the IP challenges.DiscussionOverall, this study reports TS and IP as two different modes of sensitization leading to onset of peanut specific allergic reactions in mini pigs, but only the TS-sensitization led to systemic anaphylaxis (simultaneous presence of symptoms: breathing difficulty, intense skin rash, and impaired mobility). A distinctive feature of these sensitization protocols is the 100% success rate (N = 4 pigs per group) in sensitizing the subjects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:24:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3bb571eca674bf4bbf2beeebbc68c77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6101 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:24:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Allergy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3bb571eca674bf4bbf2beeebbc68c772024-02-12T04:38:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Allergy2673-61012024-02-01510.3389/falgy.2024.12788011278801Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergyAkhilesh Kumar Shakya0Brittany Backus1Lazar D. Nesovic2Malini Mallick3Olivia Banister4Carla M. Davis5Sara Anvari6Harvinder Singh Gill7Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesDivision of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United StatesDivision of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United StatesIntroductionThe prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing, emphasizing the need for an animal model to enhance our understanding of peanut allergy pathogenesis and to advance diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions. While mice are frequently used as model organisms, their allergic responses do not fully mirror those observed in humans, warranting the exploration of a higher animal model. The porcine gastrointestinal system closely resembles that of humans, and exhibits allergy symptoms akin to human responses, making pigs a promising model for peanut allergy research.MethodsIn this study we compared two allergen sensitization protocols involving either topical allergen application after repeated tape stripping (TS) or intraperitoneal (IP) injections to induce peanut-specific allergy and anaphylaxis reactions in mini pigs. Mini pigs sensitized with a combination of peanut protein extract (PE) and cholera toxin (CT) through either the IP or the TS route.ResultsSensitized pigs via both methods developed systemic PE-specific IgG and IgE responses. Following peanut challenge via the IP route, both TS- and IP-sensitized pigs displayed allergy symptoms, including lethargy, skin rashes, vomiting, and a drop in body temperature. However, respiratory distress was observed exclusively in pigs sensitized through the TS route and not in those sensitized through the IP route. However, it is noteworthy that both groups of sensitized pigs maintained peanut hypersensitivity for up to two months post-sensitization, albeit with a reduction in the severity of allergy symptoms. Importantly, both groups exhibited sustained levels of PE-specific IgG, IgE, and elevated concentrations of mast cell protease in their blood following the IP challenges.DiscussionOverall, this study reports TS and IP as two different modes of sensitization leading to onset of peanut specific allergic reactions in mini pigs, but only the TS-sensitization led to systemic anaphylaxis (simultaneous presence of symptoms: breathing difficulty, intense skin rash, and impaired mobility). A distinctive feature of these sensitization protocols is the 100% success rate (N = 4 pigs per group) in sensitizing the subjects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/falgy.2024.1278801/fullallergenallergyanaphylaxisanimal modelfood allergypeanut allergy |
| spellingShingle | Akhilesh Kumar Shakya Brittany Backus Lazar D. Nesovic Malini Mallick Olivia Banister Carla M. Davis Sara Anvari Harvinder Singh Gill Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy Frontiers in Allergy allergen allergy anaphylaxis animal model food allergy peanut allergy |
| title | Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| title_full | Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| title_fullStr | Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| title_short | Development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| title_sort | development of a mini pig model of peanut allergy |
| topic | allergen allergy anaphylaxis animal model food allergy peanut allergy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/falgy.2024.1278801/full |
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