The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes
The knowledge of the organization of the domesticated gene pool of crop species is an essential requirement to understand crop evolution, to rationalize conservation programs, and to support practical decisions in plant breeding. Here, we integrate simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and phenotypi...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.898740/full |
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| author | Domenico Rau Giovanna Attene Monica Rodriguez Limbo Baghino Anna Barbara Pisanu Davide Sanna Alberto Acquadro Ezio Portis Cinzia Comino |
| author_facet | Domenico Rau Giovanna Attene Monica Rodriguez Limbo Baghino Anna Barbara Pisanu Davide Sanna Alberto Acquadro Ezio Portis Cinzia Comino |
| author_sort | Domenico Rau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The knowledge of the organization of the domesticated gene pool of crop species is an essential requirement to understand crop evolution, to rationalize conservation programs, and to support practical decisions in plant breeding. Here, we integrate simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and phenotypic characterization to investigate a globe artichoke collection that comprises most of the varieties cultivated worldwide. We show that the cultivated gene pool of globe artichoke includes five distinct genetic groups associated with the major phenotypic typologies: Catanesi (which based on our analysis corresponds to Violetti di Provenza), Spinosi, Violetti di Toscana, Romaneschi, and Macau. We observed that 17 and 11% of the molecular and phenotypic variance, respectively, is between these groups, while within groups, strong linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote excess are evident. The divergence between groups for quantitative traits correlates with the average broad-sense heritability within the groups. The phenotypic divergence between groups for both qualitative and quantitative traits is strongly and positively correlated with SSR divergence (FST) between groups. All this implies a low population size and strong bottleneck effects, and indicates a long history of clonal propagation and selection during the evolution of the domesticated gene pool of globe artichoke. Moreover, the comparison between molecular and phenotypic population structures suggests that harvest time, plant architecture (i.e., plant height, stem length), leaf spininess, head morphology (i.e., head shape, bract shape, spininess) together with the number of heads per plant were the main targets of selection during the evolution of the cultivated germplasm. We emphasize our findings in light of the potential exploitation of this collection for association mapping studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:41:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3d31253db3d4cb481951b61ca273310 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:41:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3d31253db3d4cb481951b61ca2733102022-12-22T01:19:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-07-011310.3389/fpls.2022.898740898740The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic AnalyzesDomenico Rau0Giovanna Attene1Monica Rodriguez2Limbo Baghino3Anna Barbara Pisanu4Davide Sanna5Alberto Acquadro6Ezio Portis7Cinzia Comino8Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyDipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Agronomia, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, ItalyAgenzia AGRIS Sardegna (Servizio Ricerca sui Sistemi Colturali Erbacei, Settore Innovazione dei Modelli Gestionali e Studio Della Biodiversità Nelle Colture Intensive), Oristano, ItalyAgenzia AGRIS Sardegna (Servizio Ricerca sui Sistemi Colturali Erbacei, Settore Innovazione dei Modelli Gestionali e Studio Della Biodiversità Nelle Colture Intensive), Oristano, ItalyAgenzia AGRIS Sardegna (Servizio Ricerca sui Sistemi Colturali Erbacei, Settore Innovazione dei Modelli Gestionali e Studio Della Biodiversità Nelle Colture Intensive), Oristano, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari (DISAFA), Genetica Vegetale (Plant Genetics), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari (DISAFA), Genetica Vegetale (Plant Genetics), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari (DISAFA), Genetica Vegetale (Plant Genetics), Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, ItalyThe knowledge of the organization of the domesticated gene pool of crop species is an essential requirement to understand crop evolution, to rationalize conservation programs, and to support practical decisions in plant breeding. Here, we integrate simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and phenotypic characterization to investigate a globe artichoke collection that comprises most of the varieties cultivated worldwide. We show that the cultivated gene pool of globe artichoke includes five distinct genetic groups associated with the major phenotypic typologies: Catanesi (which based on our analysis corresponds to Violetti di Provenza), Spinosi, Violetti di Toscana, Romaneschi, and Macau. We observed that 17 and 11% of the molecular and phenotypic variance, respectively, is between these groups, while within groups, strong linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote excess are evident. The divergence between groups for quantitative traits correlates with the average broad-sense heritability within the groups. The phenotypic divergence between groups for both qualitative and quantitative traits is strongly and positively correlated with SSR divergence (FST) between groups. All this implies a low population size and strong bottleneck effects, and indicates a long history of clonal propagation and selection during the evolution of the domesticated gene pool of globe artichoke. Moreover, the comparison between molecular and phenotypic population structures suggests that harvest time, plant architecture (i.e., plant height, stem length), leaf spininess, head morphology (i.e., head shape, bract shape, spininess) together with the number of heads per plant were the main targets of selection during the evolution of the cultivated germplasm. We emphasize our findings in light of the potential exploitation of this collection for association mapping studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.898740/fullCynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.divergent selectiongermplasm collectionmicrosatelliteQSTquantitative traits |
| spellingShingle | Domenico Rau Giovanna Attene Monica Rodriguez Limbo Baghino Anna Barbara Pisanu Davide Sanna Alberto Acquadro Ezio Portis Cinzia Comino The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes Frontiers in Plant Science Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. divergent selection germplasm collection microsatellite QST quantitative traits |
| title | The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes |
| title_full | The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes |
| title_fullStr | The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes |
| title_short | The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes |
| title_sort | population structure of a globe artichoke worldwide collection as revealed by molecular and phenotypic analyzes |
| topic | Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. divergent selection germplasm collection microsatellite QST quantitative traits |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.898740/full |
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