Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant
Geothermal power plants (GPP) with high non condensable gases (NCG) content geothermal fluid have shown to be environmental impacting relating to their energy production, which could be critical if no corrective actions are achieved. The GPP of Kizildere 3 U1, located in Türkiye (Denizli), in where...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Energy Storage and Saving |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000468 |
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| author | María Dolores Mainar-Toledo Ural Halaçoğlu Hakan Alp Sahiller Tuğrul Hazar Claudio Zuffi Maryori Díaz-Ramírez Giampaolo Manfrida |
| author_facet | María Dolores Mainar-Toledo Ural Halaçoğlu Hakan Alp Sahiller Tuğrul Hazar Claudio Zuffi Maryori Díaz-Ramírez Giampaolo Manfrida |
| author_sort | María Dolores Mainar-Toledo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geothermal power plants (GPP) with high non condensable gases (NCG) content geothermal fluid have shown to be environmental impacting relating to their energy production, which could be critical if no corrective actions are achieved. The GPP of Kizildere 3 U1, located in Türkiye (Denizli), in where the geothermal fluid contains high percentage of CO2, 99% of the NCG fraction, which represents the 3% of the geothermal fluid mass, is taken as a relevant case study to implement a new innovation consisting of NCG reinjection to reduce the amount of NCGs released to the atmosphere. In order to calculate the present environmental impacts which the plant is causing (baseline); and the potential reduction of environmental impacts which can be achieved with the innovation (reinjection), a life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation were developed. Primary data were collected for all the relevant stages of the energy conversion cycle and complemented where necessary with secondary data from other geothermal power plants studies. The main results of the baseline environmental assessment show that the construction phase is the most impacting phase due to the materials used in the power plant building construction, electrical generation equipment and distributed machinery and infrastructures; the effects in the operation phase are dominated by the geothermal fluid composition. In this sense, the application of CO2 reinjection at the Turkish site into the reservoir will prevent the emission of 1,700 tons·year−1 in the pilot site and 10% of the total emissions released along the life span of the GPP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:42:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3d4d011d6f443859fb1c52f99f6cf73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-6835 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:42:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Storage and Saving |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3d4d011d6f443859fb1c52f99f6cf732024-01-30T04:19:13ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Energy Storage and Saving2772-68352023-12-0124631638Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plantMaría Dolores Mainar-Toledo0Ural Halaçoğlu1Hakan Alp Sahiller2Tuğrul Hazar3Claudio Zuffi4Maryori Díaz-Ramírez5Giampaolo Manfrida6Research Centre for Energy Resources and Consumption (CIRCE), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Corresponding author.Zorlu Enerji, İstanbul, 34394, TürkiyeZorlu Enerji, İstanbul, 34394, TürkiyeZorlu Enerji, İstanbul, 34394, TürkiyeDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Firenze, 50134, ItalyResearch Centre for Energy Resources and Consumption (CIRCE), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; CIRCE Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, SpainDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Firenze, 50134, ItalyGeothermal power plants (GPP) with high non condensable gases (NCG) content geothermal fluid have shown to be environmental impacting relating to their energy production, which could be critical if no corrective actions are achieved. The GPP of Kizildere 3 U1, located in Türkiye (Denizli), in where the geothermal fluid contains high percentage of CO2, 99% of the NCG fraction, which represents the 3% of the geothermal fluid mass, is taken as a relevant case study to implement a new innovation consisting of NCG reinjection to reduce the amount of NCGs released to the atmosphere. In order to calculate the present environmental impacts which the plant is causing (baseline); and the potential reduction of environmental impacts which can be achieved with the innovation (reinjection), a life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation were developed. Primary data were collected for all the relevant stages of the energy conversion cycle and complemented where necessary with secondary data from other geothermal power plants studies. The main results of the baseline environmental assessment show that the construction phase is the most impacting phase due to the materials used in the power plant building construction, electrical generation equipment and distributed machinery and infrastructures; the effects in the operation phase are dominated by the geothermal fluid composition. In this sense, the application of CO2 reinjection at the Turkish site into the reservoir will prevent the emission of 1,700 tons·year−1 in the pilot site and 10% of the total emissions released along the life span of the GPP.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000468Life cycle assessmentGeothermal energyNon-condensable gasesReinjectionCO2 emissions avoided |
| spellingShingle | María Dolores Mainar-Toledo Ural Halaçoğlu Hakan Alp Sahiller Tuğrul Hazar Claudio Zuffi Maryori Díaz-Ramírez Giampaolo Manfrida Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant Energy Storage and Saving Life cycle assessment Geothermal energy Non-condensable gases Reinjection CO2 emissions avoided |
| title | Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant |
| title_full | Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant |
| title_fullStr | Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant |
| title_short | Environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with CO2 reinjection: case study of the Kizildere 3 U1 geothermal power plant |
| title_sort | environmental benefits for a geothermal power plant with co2 reinjection case study of the kizildere 3 u1 geothermal power plant |
| topic | Life cycle assessment Geothermal energy Non-condensable gases Reinjection CO2 emissions avoided |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683523000468 |
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