Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the phagocytic function of the innate immune system owing to mutations in genes encoding the five subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) oxidase enzyme complex. This review aimed to...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2233 |
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| author | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odalis Asin-Milan Reinand Thompson Chandrashekhar Unakal Patrick Eberechi Akpaka |
| author_facet | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odalis Asin-Milan Reinand Thompson Chandrashekhar Unakal Patrick Eberechi Akpaka |
| author_sort | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the phagocytic function of the innate immune system owing to mutations in genes encoding the five subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) oxidase enzyme complex. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to the pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and its management. Patients with CGD, often children, have recurrent life-threatening infections and may develop infectious or inflammatory complications. The most common microorganisms observed in the patients with CGD are <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Candida</i> spp., <i>Nocardia</i> spp., <i>Burkholderia</i> spp., <i>Serratia</i> spp., and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Antibacterial prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, antifungal prophylaxis usually with itraconazole, and interferon gamma immunotherapy have been successfully used in reducing infection in CGD. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have been successfully proven to be the treatment of choice in patients with CGD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3d549de5e2f4f5e8f6b4ac8b5bcf00c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3d549de5e2f4f5e8f6b4ac8b5bcf00c2023-11-19T12:02:28ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-09-01119223310.3390/microorganisms11092233Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and TreatmentAngel A. Justiz-Vaillant0Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad1Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora2Darren Gopaul3Sachin Soodeen4Odalis Asin-Milan5Reinand Thompson6Chandrashekhar Unakal7Patrick Eberechi Akpaka8Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoEric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Port of Spain General Hospital, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoIndependent Researcher, Laval, QC H7E 2Z8, CanadaDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the phagocytic function of the innate immune system owing to mutations in genes encoding the five subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPH) oxidase enzyme complex. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive approach to the pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and its management. Patients with CGD, often children, have recurrent life-threatening infections and may develop infectious or inflammatory complications. The most common microorganisms observed in the patients with CGD are <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Candida</i> spp., <i>Nocardia</i> spp., <i>Burkholderia</i> spp., <i>Serratia</i> spp., and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Antibacterial prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, antifungal prophylaxis usually with itraconazole, and interferon gamma immunotherapy have been successfully used in reducing infection in CGD. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) have been successfully proven to be the treatment of choice in patients with CGD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2233chronic granulomatous diseasemicroorganismsneutrophilsantimicrobials |
| spellingShingle | Angel A. Justiz-Vaillant Arlene Faye-Ann Williams-Persad Rodolfo Arozarena-Fundora Darren Gopaul Sachin Soodeen Odalis Asin-Milan Reinand Thompson Chandrashekhar Unakal Patrick Eberechi Akpaka Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment Microorganisms chronic granulomatous disease microorganisms neutrophils antimicrobials |
| title | Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment |
| title_full | Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment |
| title_short | Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): Commonly Associated Pathogens, Diagnosis and Treatment |
| title_sort | chronic granulomatous disease cgd commonly associated pathogens diagnosis and treatment |
| topic | chronic granulomatous disease microorganisms neutrophils antimicrobials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2233 |
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