Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder
Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive behavior characterized by an insatiable need to play video games and shares similar symptoms with the failure of self-control due to a decline in cognitive function. Current GD diagnostic and screening tools rely on questionnaires and behavioral observations rela...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/1/42 |
| _version_ | 1827372624778362880 |
|---|---|
| author | Jeongbong Choi Youngseok Choi Young-Chul Jung Jeyeon Lee Jongshill Lee Eunkyoung Park In Young Kim |
| author_facet | Jeongbong Choi Youngseok Choi Young-Chul Jung Jeyeon Lee Jongshill Lee Eunkyoung Park In Young Kim |
| author_sort | Jeongbong Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gaming disorder (GD) is an addictive behavior characterized by an insatiable need to play video games and shares similar symptoms with the failure of self-control due to a decline in cognitive function. Current GD diagnostic and screening tools rely on questionnaires and behavioral observations related to cognitive functions to assess an individual’s capacity to maintain self-control in everyday life. However, current GD screening approaches rely on subjective symptoms, and a reliable diagnosis requires long-term clinical follow-up. Recent studies have measured biosignals along with cognitive functional tasks to provide objectivity to GD diagnosis and to acquire immediate results. However, people with GD are hypersensitive to game-related cues, so their responses may vary depending on the type of stimuli, and the difference in response to stimuli might manifest as a difference in the degree of change in the biosignal. Therefore, it is critical to choose the correct stimulus type when performing GD diagnostic tasks. In this study, we investigated the task dependence of cognitive decline in GD by comparing two cognitive functional tasks: a continuous performance task (CPT) and video game play. For this study, 69 young male adults were classified into either the gaming disorder group (GD, <i>n</i> = 39) or a healthy control group (HC, <i>n</i> = 30). CPT score, EEG signal (theta, alpha, and beta), and HRV-HF power were assessed. We observed differences in the left frontal region (LF) of the brain between the GD and HC groups during online video game play. The GD group also showed a significant difference in HF power of HRV between CPT and online video gaming. Furthermore, LF and HRV-HF significantly correlated with Young’s Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) score, which is positively associated with impulsivity score. The amount of change in theta band activity in LF and HRV-HF—both biomarkers for changes in cognitive function—during online video game play suggests that people with GD express task-dependent cognitive decline compared with HC. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying individual self-regulation ability for gaming and underscore its importance for GD classification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:03:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3e4e488179e4a32b2c4c18c337103ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:03:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3e4e488179e4a32b2c4c18c337103ca2024-01-26T15:23:16ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742024-01-011414210.3390/bios14010042Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming DisorderJeongbong Choi0Youngseok Choi1Young-Chul Jung2Jeyeon Lee3Jongshill Lee4Eunkyoung Park5In Young Kim6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaGaming disorder (GD) is an addictive behavior characterized by an insatiable need to play video games and shares similar symptoms with the failure of self-control due to a decline in cognitive function. Current GD diagnostic and screening tools rely on questionnaires and behavioral observations related to cognitive functions to assess an individual’s capacity to maintain self-control in everyday life. However, current GD screening approaches rely on subjective symptoms, and a reliable diagnosis requires long-term clinical follow-up. Recent studies have measured biosignals along with cognitive functional tasks to provide objectivity to GD diagnosis and to acquire immediate results. However, people with GD are hypersensitive to game-related cues, so their responses may vary depending on the type of stimuli, and the difference in response to stimuli might manifest as a difference in the degree of change in the biosignal. Therefore, it is critical to choose the correct stimulus type when performing GD diagnostic tasks. In this study, we investigated the task dependence of cognitive decline in GD by comparing two cognitive functional tasks: a continuous performance task (CPT) and video game play. For this study, 69 young male adults were classified into either the gaming disorder group (GD, <i>n</i> = 39) or a healthy control group (HC, <i>n</i> = 30). CPT score, EEG signal (theta, alpha, and beta), and HRV-HF power were assessed. We observed differences in the left frontal region (LF) of the brain between the GD and HC groups during online video game play. The GD group also showed a significant difference in HF power of HRV between CPT and online video gaming. Furthermore, LF and HRV-HF significantly correlated with Young’s Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT) score, which is positively associated with impulsivity score. The amount of change in theta band activity in LF and HRV-HF—both biomarkers for changes in cognitive function—during online video game play suggests that people with GD express task-dependent cognitive decline compared with HC. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying individual self-regulation ability for gaming and underscore its importance for GD classification.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/1/42gaming disorderEEGHRVtask dependenceself-regulationvideo game |
| spellingShingle | Jeongbong Choi Youngseok Choi Young-Chul Jung Jeyeon Lee Jongshill Lee Eunkyoung Park In Young Kim Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder Biosensors gaming disorder EEG HRV task dependence self-regulation video game |
| title | Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder |
| title_full | Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder |
| title_short | Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder |
| title_sort | effects of game related tasks for the diagnosis and classification of gaming disorder |
| topic | gaming disorder EEG HRV task dependence self-regulation video game |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/14/1/42 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeongbongchoi effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT youngseokchoi effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT youngchuljung effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT jeyeonlee effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT jongshilllee effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT eunkyoungpark effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder AT inyoungkim effectsofgamerelatedtasksforthediagnosisandclassificationofgamingdisorder |