Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China
<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan, causing significant economic losses to animal husbandry and posing threats to public health. China ranks the world’s sixth largest major producer of donkeys, rearing approximately 2.6 million donkeys in 2019, but limited in...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/24/3771 |
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| author | Wen-Wei Gao Shuo Zhang Tian-Hong Zhang Han-Dan Xiao Nan Su Meng-Fan Tao Ze-Xuan Wu Ze-Dong Zhang Xing-Quan Zhu Shi-Chen Xie |
| author_facet | Wen-Wei Gao Shuo Zhang Tian-Hong Zhang Han-Dan Xiao Nan Su Meng-Fan Tao Ze-Xuan Wu Ze-Dong Zhang Xing-Quan Zhu Shi-Chen Xie |
| author_sort | Wen-Wei Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan, causing significant economic losses to animal husbandry and posing threats to public health. China ranks the world’s sixth largest major producer of donkeys, rearing approximately 2.6 million donkeys in 2019, but limited investigation of <i>G. duodenalis</i> prevalence has been conducted in the past, and it is yet to be known whether donkeys in Shanxi Province are infected with <i>G. duodenalis</i>. In the present study, a total of 815 fecal samples collected from donkeys in representative regions of Shanxi Province, North China, were examined for <i>G. duodenalis</i> using nested PCR. Then, the assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were examined based on three established loci: namely, β-giardin (<i>bg</i>), triosephosphate isomerase (<i>tpi</i>), and glutamate dehydrogenase (<i>gdh</i>). The overall prevalence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in Shanxi Province was 16.81% (137/815). The region was identified as the main risk factor for the observed difference in <i>G. duodenalis</i> prevalence in donkeys among the three study areas (χ<sup>2</sup> = 21.611, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Assemblages A, E, and B were identified, with the latter as the predominant assemblage. Three MLGs (MLG-novel-1 to 3) were formed based on sequence variation among the three loci. The present study reveals the presence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China, for the first time, which not only enriches the data on the distribution of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in China but also provides useful baseline data for planning control strategies against <i>G. duodenalis</i> infection in the sampled areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:03:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3f46efe24fa404985f210f5a36dd111 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:03:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3f46efe24fa404985f210f5a36dd1112023-12-22T13:47:18ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-12-011324377110.3390/ani13243771Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North ChinaWen-Wei Gao0Shuo Zhang1Tian-Hong Zhang2Han-Dan Xiao3Nan Su4Meng-Fan Tao5Ze-Xuan Wu6Ze-Dong Zhang7Xing-Quan Zhu8Shi-Chen Xie9Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaLaboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> is a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan, causing significant economic losses to animal husbandry and posing threats to public health. China ranks the world’s sixth largest major producer of donkeys, rearing approximately 2.6 million donkeys in 2019, but limited investigation of <i>G. duodenalis</i> prevalence has been conducted in the past, and it is yet to be known whether donkeys in Shanxi Province are infected with <i>G. duodenalis</i>. In the present study, a total of 815 fecal samples collected from donkeys in representative regions of Shanxi Province, North China, were examined for <i>G. duodenalis</i> using nested PCR. Then, the assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were examined based on three established loci: namely, β-giardin (<i>bg</i>), triosephosphate isomerase (<i>tpi</i>), and glutamate dehydrogenase (<i>gdh</i>). The overall prevalence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in Shanxi Province was 16.81% (137/815). The region was identified as the main risk factor for the observed difference in <i>G. duodenalis</i> prevalence in donkeys among the three study areas (χ<sup>2</sup> = 21.611, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Assemblages A, E, and B were identified, with the latter as the predominant assemblage. Three MLGs (MLG-novel-1 to 3) were formed based on sequence variation among the three loci. The present study reveals the presence of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China, for the first time, which not only enriches the data on the distribution of <i>G. duodenalis</i> in donkeys in China but also provides useful baseline data for planning control strategies against <i>G. duodenalis</i> infection in the sampled areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/24/3771<i>Giardia duodenalis</i>donkeyprevalenceassemblageShanxi Province |
| spellingShingle | Wen-Wei Gao Shuo Zhang Tian-Hong Zhang Han-Dan Xiao Nan Su Meng-Fan Tao Ze-Xuan Wu Ze-Dong Zhang Xing-Quan Zhu Shi-Chen Xie Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China Animals <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> donkey prevalence assemblage Shanxi Province |
| title | Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China |
| title_full | Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China |
| title_short | Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in Donkeys in Shanxi Province, North China |
| title_sort | prevalence and multilocus genotyping of i giardia duodenalis i in donkeys in shanxi province north china |
| topic | <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> donkey prevalence assemblage Shanxi Province |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/24/3771 |
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