Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the standard surgical procedure used to remove large kidney stones. PCNL procedures have a steep learning curve; a physician needs to complete between 36 and 60 procedures, to achieve clinical proficiency. Marion Surgical K181 is a virtual reality surgical simulator,...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Robotics and AI |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2019.00145/full |
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| author | Ben Sainsbury Maciej Łącki Mohammed Shahait Mitchell Goldenberg Amir Baghdadi Lora Cavuoto Jing Ren Mark Green Jason Lee Timothy D. Averch Carlos Rossa |
| author_facet | Ben Sainsbury Maciej Łącki Mohammed Shahait Mitchell Goldenberg Amir Baghdadi Lora Cavuoto Jing Ren Mark Green Jason Lee Timothy D. Averch Carlos Rossa |
| author_sort | Ben Sainsbury |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the standard surgical procedure used to remove large kidney stones. PCNL procedures have a steep learning curve; a physician needs to complete between 36 and 60 procedures, to achieve clinical proficiency. Marion Surgical K181 is a virtual reality surgical simulator, which emulates the PCNL procedures without compromising the well-being of patients. The simulator uses a VR headset to place a user in a realistic and immersive operating theater, and haptic force-feedback robots to render physical interactions between surgical tools and the virtual patient. The simulator has two modules for two different aspects of PCNL kidney stone removal procedure: kidney access module where the user must insert a needle into the kidney of the patient, and a kidney stone removal module where the user removes the individual stones from the organ. In this paper, we present user trials to validate the face and construct validity of the simulator. The results, based on the data gathered from 4 groups of users independently, indicate that Marion's surgical simulator is a useful tool for teaching and practicing PCNL procedures. The kidney stone removal module of the simulator has proven construct validity by identifying the skill level of different users based on their tool path. We plan to continue evaluating the simulator with a larger sample of users to reinforce our findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:38:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b408c1c8f496462682709d50fa2cbfae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:38:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Robotics and AI |
| spelling | doaj.art-b408c1c8f496462682709d50fa2cbfae2022-12-22T01:29:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Robotics and AI2296-91442020-01-01610.3389/frobt.2019.00145486021Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical SimulatorBen Sainsbury0Maciej Łącki1Mohammed Shahait2Mitchell Goldenberg3Amir Baghdadi4Lora Cavuoto5Jing Ren6Mark Green7Jason Lee8Timothy D. Averch9Carlos Rossa10Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesSt. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesUniversity of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United StatesFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, CanadaFaculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, CanadaSt. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, CanadaPercutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the standard surgical procedure used to remove large kidney stones. PCNL procedures have a steep learning curve; a physician needs to complete between 36 and 60 procedures, to achieve clinical proficiency. Marion Surgical K181 is a virtual reality surgical simulator, which emulates the PCNL procedures without compromising the well-being of patients. The simulator uses a VR headset to place a user in a realistic and immersive operating theater, and haptic force-feedback robots to render physical interactions between surgical tools and the virtual patient. The simulator has two modules for two different aspects of PCNL kidney stone removal procedure: kidney access module where the user must insert a needle into the kidney of the patient, and a kidney stone removal module where the user removes the individual stones from the organ. In this paper, we present user trials to validate the face and construct validity of the simulator. The results, based on the data gathered from 4 groups of users independently, indicate that Marion's surgical simulator is a useful tool for teaching and practicing PCNL procedures. The kidney stone removal module of the simulator has proven construct validity by identifying the skill level of different users based on their tool path. We plan to continue evaluating the simulator with a larger sample of users to reinforce our findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2019.00145/fullhapticsvirtual realitysimulationPCNLpercutaneous nephrolithotomysurgical simulation and training |
| spellingShingle | Ben Sainsbury Maciej Łącki Mohammed Shahait Mitchell Goldenberg Amir Baghdadi Lora Cavuoto Jing Ren Mark Green Jason Lee Timothy D. Averch Carlos Rossa Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator Frontiers in Robotics and AI haptics virtual reality simulation PCNL percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical simulation and training |
| title | Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator |
| title_full | Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator |
| title_short | Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgical Simulator |
| title_sort | evaluation of a virtual reality percutaneous nephrolithotomy pcnl surgical simulator |
| topic | haptics virtual reality simulation PCNL percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical simulation and training |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2019.00145/full |
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