Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes
The mass region of rare-earth nuclei in the nuclear chart is riddled with well-deformed nuclei, exhibiting rotational properties and many interesting nuclear structure-related phenomena. The scarcity of experimental data as the neutron number increases and the exotic phenomena such as shape coexiste...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/196 |
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| author | Polytimos Vasileiou Theo J. Mertzimekis Eirene Mavrommatis Aikaterini Zyriliou |
| author_facet | Polytimos Vasileiou Theo J. Mertzimekis Eirene Mavrommatis Aikaterini Zyriliou |
| author_sort | Polytimos Vasileiou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mass region of rare-earth nuclei in the nuclear chart is riddled with well-deformed nuclei, exhibiting rotational properties and many interesting nuclear structure-related phenomena. The scarcity of experimental data as the neutron number increases and the exotic phenomena such as shape coexistence, which are strongly connected with the underlying symmetries of the Hamiltonian and are predicted to take place in this region, make this mass region a fertile ground for experimental and theoretical studies of nuclear structure. In this work, we investigate the structure of the even–even <sup>162–184</sup>Hf (hafnium) isotopes through a calculation of various observables such as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>→</mo><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> reduced transition matrix elements and quadrupole moments. Six different nuclear models are employed in the calculations of the observables for these nuclei, the shapes of which deviate from spherical symmetry, and as such, are characterized by Hamiltonians, which break the rotational invariance of the exact nuclear many-body Hamiltonian. The results of the present study are expected to establish some concrete guidelines for current and future experimental endeavors. Along these lines, the results for the <sup>162–180</sup>Hf isotopes are compared with existing experimental data where available, showing an overall good agreement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b40e7322b533416493fe06610fb4546f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b40e7322b533416493fe06610fb4546f2023-12-01T00:53:19ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942023-01-0115119610.3390/sym15010196Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf IsotopesPolytimos Vasileiou0Theo J. Mertzimekis1Eirene Mavrommatis2Aikaterini Zyriliou3Department of Physics, Zografou Campus, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Physics, Zografou Campus, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Physics, Zografou Campus, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Physics, Zografou Campus, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Zografou, GreeceThe mass region of rare-earth nuclei in the nuclear chart is riddled with well-deformed nuclei, exhibiting rotational properties and many interesting nuclear structure-related phenomena. The scarcity of experimental data as the neutron number increases and the exotic phenomena such as shape coexistence, which are strongly connected with the underlying symmetries of the Hamiltonian and are predicted to take place in this region, make this mass region a fertile ground for experimental and theoretical studies of nuclear structure. In this work, we investigate the structure of the even–even <sup>162–184</sup>Hf (hafnium) isotopes through a calculation of various observables such as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>→</mo><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> reduced transition matrix elements and quadrupole moments. Six different nuclear models are employed in the calculations of the observables for these nuclei, the shapes of which deviate from spherical symmetry, and as such, are characterized by Hamiltonians, which break the rotational invariance of the exact nuclear many-body Hamiltonian. The results of the present study are expected to establish some concrete guidelines for current and future experimental endeavors. Along these lines, the results for the <sup>162–180</sup>Hf isotopes are compared with existing experimental data where available, showing an overall good agreement.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/196even–even Hf isotopestheoretical modelsquadrupole moments<i>B</i>(<i>E</i>2) transition rates |
| spellingShingle | Polytimos Vasileiou Theo J. Mertzimekis Eirene Mavrommatis Aikaterini Zyriliou Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes Symmetry even–even Hf isotopes theoretical models quadrupole moments <i>B</i>(<i>E</i>2) transition rates |
| title | Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes |
| title_full | Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes |
| title_short | Nuclear Structure Investigations of Even–Even Hf Isotopes |
| title_sort | nuclear structure investigations of even even hf isotopes |
| topic | even–even Hf isotopes theoretical models quadrupole moments <i>B</i>(<i>E</i>2) transition rates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/1/196 |
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