ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples
The Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) is a very valuable clinical tool to access the electric function of the heart. It provides insight into the different phases of the heart beat and various kinds of disorders which may affect them. In literature the impact of linear dependency between feature signals upo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2023-1207 |
| _version_ | 1797362118657310720 |
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| author | Hintermüller Christoph Hirnschrodt Michael Blessberger Hermann Steinwender Clemens |
| author_facet | Hintermüller Christoph Hirnschrodt Michael Blessberger Hermann Steinwender Clemens |
| author_sort | Hintermüller Christoph |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) is a very valuable clinical tool to access the electric function of the heart. It provides insight into the different phases of the heart beat and various kinds of disorders which may affect them. In literature the impact of linear dependency between feature signals upon the classification outcome and how to reduce it have been largely investigated and discussed. This study puts a focus upon linear dependency between samples of imbalanced data sets, its relation to the observed over fitting with respect to majority classes and hot to reduce it. A set of 58 feature signals is used to train a several LDA classifier either discriminating 3 classes (Normal, Artefact, Arrhythmic) or 5 Classes (Normal, Artefact, Atrial and ventricular premature contractions and bundle branch blocks). The training data set is preprocessed using four sample reduction approaches and a nearest neighbour clustering method. In the case of 5 classes accuracies of 96.82% in the imbalanced case and 97.44% for the data preprocessed with the QR or SVD methods were obtained. For 3 classes curacies of 97.68% and 98.12% were achieved. With the nearest neighbour clustering method only accuracies of 96.00% for 5 classes and 97.37% for 3 classes could be achieved. The results clearly show that imbalanced ECG data does contain linear dependent samples. These cause a bias towards majority class which will be over fitted by the classifier. Sample reduction methods and algorithms which are not aware of the presence linear dependent samples like the nearest neighbour clustering approach even further increase this bias ore even worse destroy relevant information by merging samples which encode distinct aspects of the beat class, destroying relevant information. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:03:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b40ebd9fe6a948069b3259fd7a3c2a38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2364-5504 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:03:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-b40ebd9fe6a948069b3259fd7a3c2a382024-01-08T09:53:10ZengDe GruyterCurrent Directions in Biomedical Engineering2364-55042023-12-0192232610.1515/cdbme-2023-1207ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samplesHintermüller Christoph0Hirnschrodt Michael1Blessberger Hermann2Steinwender Clemens3Institute for Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University,Linz, AustriaInstitute for Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University,Linz, AustriaDepartment of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital,Linz, AustriaDepartment of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital,Linz, AustriaThe Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) is a very valuable clinical tool to access the electric function of the heart. It provides insight into the different phases of the heart beat and various kinds of disorders which may affect them. In literature the impact of linear dependency between feature signals upon the classification outcome and how to reduce it have been largely investigated and discussed. This study puts a focus upon linear dependency between samples of imbalanced data sets, its relation to the observed over fitting with respect to majority classes and hot to reduce it. A set of 58 feature signals is used to train a several LDA classifier either discriminating 3 classes (Normal, Artefact, Arrhythmic) or 5 Classes (Normal, Artefact, Atrial and ventricular premature contractions and bundle branch blocks). The training data set is preprocessed using four sample reduction approaches and a nearest neighbour clustering method. In the case of 5 classes accuracies of 96.82% in the imbalanced case and 97.44% for the data preprocessed with the QR or SVD methods were obtained. For 3 classes curacies of 97.68% and 98.12% were achieved. With the nearest neighbour clustering method only accuracies of 96.00% for 5 classes and 97.37% for 3 classes could be achieved. The results clearly show that imbalanced ECG data does contain linear dependent samples. These cause a bias towards majority class which will be over fitted by the classifier. Sample reduction methods and algorithms which are not aware of the presence linear dependent samples like the nearest neighbour clustering approach even further increase this bias ore even worse destroy relevant information by merging samples which encode distinct aspects of the beat class, destroying relevant information.https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2023-1207electrocardiogramclassificationlinear dependencylinear dependent samples |
| spellingShingle | Hintermüller Christoph Hirnschrodt Michael Blessberger Hermann Steinwender Clemens ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering electrocardiogram classification linear dependency linear dependent samples |
| title | ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples |
| title_full | ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples |
| title_fullStr | ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples |
| title_short | ECG Beat classification: Impact of linear dependent samples |
| title_sort | ecg beat classification impact of linear dependent samples |
| topic | electrocardiogram classification linear dependency linear dependent samples |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2023-1207 |
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