The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study
ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and gout, as well as the potential mediating effects of individual physical status (IPS) such as body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lifestyle habits (LH) including alcohol intake frequency (d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269426/full |
| _version_ | 1797362487565221888 |
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| author | Xin Huang Xin Chen Qixi Liu Zhiwei Zhang Juan Miao Yuchan Lai Jinqing Wu |
| author_facet | Xin Huang Xin Chen Qixi Liu Zhiwei Zhang Juan Miao Yuchan Lai Jinqing Wu |
| author_sort | Xin Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and gout, as well as the potential mediating effects of individual physical status (IPS) such as body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lifestyle habits (LH) including alcohol intake frequency (drinking), current tobacco smoking (smoking), and time spent watching television (TV).MethodsUtilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we analyzed the causal effects of EA on gout risk, and of IPS (BMI and SBP) and LH (smoking, drinking, and TV time) on gout risk. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was employed to explore and quantify the mediating effects of IPS and LH on the causal relationship between EA and gout risk.ResultsAn elevation of educational attainment by one standard deviation (4.2 years) exhibited a protective effect against gout (odds ratio 0.724, 95% confidence interval 0.552–0.950; p = 0.020). We did not observe a causal relationship between smoking and gout, but BMI, SBP, drinking, and TV time were found to be causal risk factors for gout. Moreover, BMI, SBP, drinking, and TV time acted as mediating factors in the causal relationship between EA and gout risk, explaining 27.17, 14.83, 51.33, and 1.10% of the causal effects, respectively.ConclusionOur study indicates that having a genetically predicted higher level of EA may provide protection against gout. We found that this relationship is influenced by IPS factors such as BMI and SBP, as well as LH including drinking and TV time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:08:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b418d9e214174e94be065c4fcedda4b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:08:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-b418d9e214174e94be065c4fcedda4b42024-01-08T04:35:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-01-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12694261269426The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization studyXin Huang0Xin Chen1Qixi Liu2Zhiwei Zhang3Juan Miao4Yuchan Lai5Jinqing Wu6Department of Orthopedics, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan, Fujian Province, ChinaObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and gout, as well as the potential mediating effects of individual physical status (IPS) such as body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lifestyle habits (LH) including alcohol intake frequency (drinking), current tobacco smoking (smoking), and time spent watching television (TV).MethodsUtilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we analyzed the causal effects of EA on gout risk, and of IPS (BMI and SBP) and LH (smoking, drinking, and TV time) on gout risk. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was employed to explore and quantify the mediating effects of IPS and LH on the causal relationship between EA and gout risk.ResultsAn elevation of educational attainment by one standard deviation (4.2 years) exhibited a protective effect against gout (odds ratio 0.724, 95% confidence interval 0.552–0.950; p = 0.020). We did not observe a causal relationship between smoking and gout, but BMI, SBP, drinking, and TV time were found to be causal risk factors for gout. Moreover, BMI, SBP, drinking, and TV time acted as mediating factors in the causal relationship between EA and gout risk, explaining 27.17, 14.83, 51.33, and 1.10% of the causal effects, respectively.ConclusionOur study indicates that having a genetically predicted higher level of EA may provide protection against gout. We found that this relationship is influenced by IPS factors such as BMI and SBP, as well as LH including drinking and TV time.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269426/fulleducation attainmentgoutmediationMendelian randomization studycausal relationship |
| spellingShingle | Xin Huang Xin Chen Qixi Liu Zhiwei Zhang Juan Miao Yuchan Lai Jinqing Wu The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Public Health education attainment gout mediation Mendelian randomization study causal relationship |
| title | The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | The relationship between education attainment and gout, and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | relationship between education attainment and gout and the mediating role of modifiable risk factors a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | education attainment gout mediation Mendelian randomization study causal relationship |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1269426/full |
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