Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity
Background: Currently the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is based on weight loss through lifestyle changes, such as exercise combined with calorie-restricted dieting.Objectives: To assess the effects of a commercially available weight loss program based on a very low-calorie...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00607/full |
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| author | Guilherme Moura Cunha German Guzman Livia Lugarinho Correa De Mello Barbara Trein Luciana Spina Isabela Bussade Juliana Marques Prata Ignacio Sajoux Walmir Countinho |
| author_facet | Guilherme Moura Cunha German Guzman Livia Lugarinho Correa De Mello Barbara Trein Luciana Spina Isabela Bussade Juliana Marques Prata Ignacio Sajoux Walmir Countinho |
| author_sort | Guilherme Moura Cunha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Currently the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is based on weight loss through lifestyle changes, such as exercise combined with calorie-restricted dieting.Objectives: To assess the effects of a commercially available weight loss program based on a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat content compared to a standard low-calorie (LC) diet. As a secondary aim, we evaluated the effect on liver stiffness measurements.Methods: Open, randomized controlled, prospective pilot study. Patients were randomized and treated either with an LC or a VLCKD and received orientation and encouragement to physical activity equally for both groups. VAT, liver fat fraction, and liver stiffness were measured at baseline and after 2 months of treatment using magnetic resonance imaging. Paired t-tests were used for comparison of continuous variables between visits and unpaired test between groups. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between VAT, anthropometric measures, and hepatic fat fraction. A significance level of the results was established at p < 0.05.Results: Thirty-nine patients (20 with VLCKD and 19 with LC) were evaluated at baseline and 2 months of intervention. Relative weight loss at 2 months was −9.59 ± 2.87% in the VLCKD group and −1.87 ± 2.4% in the LC group (p < 0.001). Mean reductions in VAT were −32.0 cm2 for VLCKD group and −12.58 cm2 for LC group (p < 0.05). Reductions in liver fat fraction were significantly more pronounced in the VLCKD group than in the LC group (4.77 vs. 0.79%; p < 0.005).Conclusion: Patients undergoing a VLCKD achieved superior weight loss, with significant VAT and liver fat fraction reductions when compared to the standard LC diet. The weight loss and rapid mobilization of liver fat demonstrated with VLCKD could serve as an effective alternative for the treatment of NAFLD.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04322110. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:18:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b41cbabadb85467393273d8bddf5c64a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:18:09Z |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b41cbabadb85467393273d8bddf5c64a2022-12-21T21:34:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922020-09-011110.3389/fendo.2020.00607546165Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With ObesityGuilherme Moura Cunha0German Guzman1Livia Lugarinho Correa De Mello2Barbara Trein3Luciana Spina4Isabela Bussade5Juliana Marques Prata6Ignacio Sajoux7Walmir Countinho8Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesPronokal Group, Barcelona, SpainInstituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilRio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilClínica Isabela Bussade, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilClinical Diagnostic Imaging (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPronokal Group, Barcelona, SpainInstituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBackground: Currently the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is based on weight loss through lifestyle changes, such as exercise combined with calorie-restricted dieting.Objectives: To assess the effects of a commercially available weight loss program based on a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver fat content compared to a standard low-calorie (LC) diet. As a secondary aim, we evaluated the effect on liver stiffness measurements.Methods: Open, randomized controlled, prospective pilot study. Patients were randomized and treated either with an LC or a VLCKD and received orientation and encouragement to physical activity equally for both groups. VAT, liver fat fraction, and liver stiffness were measured at baseline and after 2 months of treatment using magnetic resonance imaging. Paired t-tests were used for comparison of continuous variables between visits and unpaired test between groups. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between VAT, anthropometric measures, and hepatic fat fraction. A significance level of the results was established at p < 0.05.Results: Thirty-nine patients (20 with VLCKD and 19 with LC) were evaluated at baseline and 2 months of intervention. Relative weight loss at 2 months was −9.59 ± 2.87% in the VLCKD group and −1.87 ± 2.4% in the LC group (p < 0.001). Mean reductions in VAT were −32.0 cm2 for VLCKD group and −12.58 cm2 for LC group (p < 0.05). Reductions in liver fat fraction were significantly more pronounced in the VLCKD group than in the LC group (4.77 vs. 0.79%; p < 0.005).Conclusion: Patients undergoing a VLCKD achieved superior weight loss, with significant VAT and liver fat fraction reductions when compared to the standard LC diet. The weight loss and rapid mobilization of liver fat demonstrated with VLCKD could serve as an effective alternative for the treatment of NAFLD.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04322110.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00607/fullvery low-calorie ketogenic dietvisceral adipose tissueNAFLDliver PDFFPnk methodketogenic diet |
| spellingShingle | Guilherme Moura Cunha German Guzman Livia Lugarinho Correa De Mello Barbara Trein Luciana Spina Isabela Bussade Juliana Marques Prata Ignacio Sajoux Walmir Countinho Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity Frontiers in Endocrinology very low-calorie ketogenic diet visceral adipose tissue NAFLD liver PDFF Pnk method ketogenic diet |
| title | Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity |
| title_full | Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity |
| title_short | Efficacy of a 2-Month Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) Compared to a Standard Low-Calorie Diet in Reducing Visceral and Liver Fat Accumulation in Patients With Obesity |
| title_sort | efficacy of a 2 month very low calorie ketogenic diet vlckd compared to a standard low calorie diet in reducing visceral and liver fat accumulation in patients with obesity |
| topic | very low-calorie ketogenic diet visceral adipose tissue NAFLD liver PDFF Pnk method ketogenic diet |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00607/full |
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