Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among th...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| author | Mariachiara Zuccarini Letizia Pruccoli Martina Balducci Patricia Giuliani Francesco Caciagli Renata Ciccarelli Patrizia Di Iorio |
| author_facet | Mariachiara Zuccarini Letizia Pruccoli Martina Balducci Patricia Giuliani Francesco Caciagli Renata Ciccarelli Patrizia Di Iorio |
| author_sort | Mariachiara Zuccarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among the compounds showing therapeutic potential against neuro-dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress are the guanine-based purines (GBPs), of which the most characterized are the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) and the nucleobase guanine (GUA), which act differently. Indeed, the administration of GUO to in vitro or in vivo models of acute brain injury (ischemia/hypoxia or trauma) or chronic neurological/neurodegenerative disorders, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing the production of reactive radicals and improving mitochondrial function via multiple molecular signals. However, GUO administration to rodents also causes an amnesic effect. In contrast, the metabolite, GUA, could be effective in memory-related disorders by transiently increasing ROS production and stimulating the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G cascade, which has long been recognized as beneficial for cognitive function. Thus, it is worth pursuing further studies to ascertain the therapeutic role of GUO and GUA and to evaluate the pathological brain conditions in which these compounds could be more usefully used. |
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| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:38:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b41fd943c95a4f77b157fb56e82bf4b82023-11-16T17:12:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-02-01123117210.3390/jcm12031172Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain FunctionsMariachiara Zuccarini0Letizia Pruccoli1Martina Balducci2Patricia Giuliani3Francesco Caciagli4Renata Ciccarelli5Patrizia Di Iorio6Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, ItalyCenter for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, ItalyThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among the compounds showing therapeutic potential against neuro-dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress are the guanine-based purines (GBPs), of which the most characterized are the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) and the nucleobase guanine (GUA), which act differently. Indeed, the administration of GUO to in vitro or in vivo models of acute brain injury (ischemia/hypoxia or trauma) or chronic neurological/neurodegenerative disorders, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing the production of reactive radicals and improving mitochondrial function via multiple molecular signals. However, GUO administration to rodents also causes an amnesic effect. In contrast, the metabolite, GUA, could be effective in memory-related disorders by transiently increasing ROS production and stimulating the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G cascade, which has long been recognized as beneficial for cognitive function. Thus, it is worth pursuing further studies to ascertain the therapeutic role of GUO and GUA and to evaluate the pathological brain conditions in which these compounds could be more usefully used.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1172reactive oxygen species (ROS)eustress and oxidative stressmemory decaymitochondrial metabolismnitric oxide (NO)nitric oxide synthase (NOS) |
| spellingShingle | Mariachiara Zuccarini Letizia Pruccoli Martina Balducci Patricia Giuliani Francesco Caciagli Renata Ciccarelli Patrizia Di Iorio Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions Journal of Clinical Medicine reactive oxygen species (ROS) eustress and oxidative stress memory decay mitochondrial metabolism nitric oxide (NO) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) |
| title | Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions |
| title_full | Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions |
| title_short | Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions |
| title_sort | influence of guanine based purines on the oxidoreductive reactions involved in normal or altered brain functions |
| topic | reactive oxygen species (ROS) eustress and oxidative stress memory decay mitochondrial metabolism nitric oxide (NO) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1172 |
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