Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV
Background: HIV infection causes neuroinflammation and immune activation (NIIA) and systemic inflammation and immune activation (SIIA), which in turn drive neurodegeneration (ND). Cross-sectionally, higher levels of NIIA biomarkers correlate with increased biomarkers of ND. A more convincing confirm...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1835 |
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| author | Azin Tavasoli Benjamin B. Gelman Christina M. Marra David B. Clifford Jennifer E. Iudicello Leah H. Rubin Scott L. Letendre Bin Tang Ronald J. Ellis |
| author_facet | Azin Tavasoli Benjamin B. Gelman Christina M. Marra David B. Clifford Jennifer E. Iudicello Leah H. Rubin Scott L. Letendre Bin Tang Ronald J. Ellis |
| author_sort | Azin Tavasoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: HIV infection causes neuroinflammation and immune activation (NIIA) and systemic inflammation and immune activation (SIIA), which in turn drive neurodegeneration (ND). Cross-sectionally, higher levels of NIIA biomarkers correlate with increased biomarkers of ND. A more convincing confirmation would be a longitudinal demonstration. Methods: PWH in the US multisite CHARTER Aging project were assessed at a baseline visit and after 12 years using standardized evaluations. We measured a panel of 14 biomarkers of NIIA, SIIA, and ND in plasma and CSF at two time points and calculated changes from baseline to the 12-year visit. Factor analysis yielded simplified indices of NIIA, SIIA, and ND. Results: The CSF NIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on soluble tumor necrosis factor type-2 (sTNFR-II) and neopterin, and Factor2, loading on MCP1, soluble CD14, and IL-6. The SIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on CRP, D-dimer, and Neopterin; Factor2 loading on sTNFR-II. The ND analysis yielded Factor1 loading on Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and Aβ42; Factor2 loading on NFL. NIIA Factor1, but not Factor2, correlated with increases in CSF NFL (r = 0.370, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Conclusions: Increases in NIIA and SIIA in PWH were associated with corresponding increases in ND, suggesting that reducing neuro/systemic inflammation might slow or reverse neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:51:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b42708e8f81d4d1a875864ea25efcc6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:51:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-b42708e8f81d4d1a875864ea25efcc6b2023-11-19T13:22:21ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-08-01159183510.3390/v15091835Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIVAzin Tavasoli0Benjamin B. Gelman1Christina M. Marra2David B. Clifford3Jennifer E. Iudicello4Leah H. Rubin5Scott L. Letendre6Bin Tang7Ronald J. Ellis8Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Texas at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USADepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USABackground: HIV infection causes neuroinflammation and immune activation (NIIA) and systemic inflammation and immune activation (SIIA), which in turn drive neurodegeneration (ND). Cross-sectionally, higher levels of NIIA biomarkers correlate with increased biomarkers of ND. A more convincing confirmation would be a longitudinal demonstration. Methods: PWH in the US multisite CHARTER Aging project were assessed at a baseline visit and after 12 years using standardized evaluations. We measured a panel of 14 biomarkers of NIIA, SIIA, and ND in plasma and CSF at two time points and calculated changes from baseline to the 12-year visit. Factor analysis yielded simplified indices of NIIA, SIIA, and ND. Results: The CSF NIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on soluble tumor necrosis factor type-2 (sTNFR-II) and neopterin, and Factor2, loading on MCP1, soluble CD14, and IL-6. The SIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on CRP, D-dimer, and Neopterin; Factor2 loading on sTNFR-II. The ND analysis yielded Factor1 loading on Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and Aβ42; Factor2 loading on NFL. NIIA Factor1, but not Factor2, correlated with increases in CSF NFL (r = 0.370, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Conclusions: Increases in NIIA and SIIA in PWH were associated with corresponding increases in ND, suggesting that reducing neuro/systemic inflammation might slow or reverse neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1835HIVviral suppressionneuroinflammationneurodegenerationinflammatory biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Azin Tavasoli Benjamin B. Gelman Christina M. Marra David B. Clifford Jennifer E. Iudicello Leah H. Rubin Scott L. Letendre Bin Tang Ronald J. Ellis Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV Viruses HIV viral suppression neuroinflammation neurodegeneration inflammatory biomarkers |
| title | Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV |
| title_full | Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV |
| title_fullStr | Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV |
| title_short | Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV |
| title_sort | increasing neuroinflammation relates to increasing neurodegeneration in people with hiv |
| topic | HIV viral suppression neuroinflammation neurodegeneration inflammatory biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1835 |
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