Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario
The use of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques for communication at millimeter-Wave (mmW) frequency bands has become a key enabler to meet the data rate demands of the upcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. In particular, analog and hybrid beamforming solutions are rec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1555 |
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| author | Sonia Gimenez Sandra Roger Paolo Baracca David Martín-Sacristán Jose F. Monserrat Volker Braun Hardy Halbauer |
| author_facet | Sonia Gimenez Sandra Roger Paolo Baracca David Martín-Sacristán Jose F. Monserrat Volker Braun Hardy Halbauer |
| author_sort | Sonia Gimenez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques for communication at millimeter-Wave (mmW) frequency bands has become a key enabler to meet the data rate demands of the upcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. In particular, analog and hybrid beamforming solutions are receiving increasing attention as less expensive and more power efficient alternatives to fully digital precoding schemes. Despite their proven good performance in simple setups, their suitability for realistic cellular systems with many interfering base stations and users is still unclear. Furthermore, the performance of massive MIMO beamforming and precoding methods are in practice also affected by practical limitations and hardware constraints. In this sense, this paper assesses the performance of digital precoding and analog beamforming in an urban cellular system with an accurate mmW channel model under both ideal and realistic assumptions. The results show that analog beamforming can reach the performance of fully digital maximum ratio transmission under line of sight conditions and with a sufficient number of parallel radio-frequency (RF) chains, especially when the practical limitations of outdated channel information and per antenna power constraints are considered. This work also shows the impact of the phase shifter errors and combiner losses introduced by real phase shifter and combiner implementations over analog beamforming, where the former ones have minor impact on the performance, while the latter ones determine the optimum number of RF chains to be used in practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:21:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b42a2791a9134fbc805c50a1470691bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:21:16Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b42a2791a9134fbc805c50a1470691bf2022-12-22T04:00:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-09-011610155510.3390/s16101555s16101555Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban ScenarioSonia Gimenez0Sandra Roger1Paolo Baracca2David Martín-Sacristán3Jose F. Monserrat4Volker Braun5Hardy Halbauer6iTEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, SpainiTEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, SpainNokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart 70435, GermanyiTEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, SpainiTEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, SpainNokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart 70435, GermanyNokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart 70435, GermanyThe use of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques for communication at millimeter-Wave (mmW) frequency bands has become a key enabler to meet the data rate demands of the upcoming fifth generation (5G) cellular systems. In particular, analog and hybrid beamforming solutions are receiving increasing attention as less expensive and more power efficient alternatives to fully digital precoding schemes. Despite their proven good performance in simple setups, their suitability for realistic cellular systems with many interfering base stations and users is still unclear. Furthermore, the performance of massive MIMO beamforming and precoding methods are in practice also affected by practical limitations and hardware constraints. In this sense, this paper assesses the performance of digital precoding and analog beamforming in an urban cellular system with an accurate mmW channel model under both ideal and realistic assumptions. The results show that analog beamforming can reach the performance of fully digital maximum ratio transmission under line of sight conditions and with a sufficient number of parallel radio-frequency (RF) chains, especially when the practical limitations of outdated channel information and per antenna power constraints are considered. This work also shows the impact of the phase shifter errors and combiner losses introduced by real phase shifter and combiner implementations over analog beamforming, where the former ones have minor impact on the performance, while the latter ones determine the optimum number of RF chains to be used in practice.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1555massive MIMOanalog beamforminghardware impairmentsmillimeter-wave |
| spellingShingle | Sonia Gimenez Sandra Roger Paolo Baracca David Martín-Sacristán Jose F. Monserrat Volker Braun Hardy Halbauer Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario Sensors massive MIMO analog beamforming hardware impairments millimeter-wave |
| title | Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario |
| title_full | Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario |
| title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario |
| title_short | Performance Evaluation of Analog Beamforming with Hardware Impairments for mmW Massive MIMO Communication in an Urban Scenario |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of analog beamforming with hardware impairments for mmw massive mimo communication in an urban scenario |
| topic | massive MIMO analog beamforming hardware impairments millimeter-wave |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1555 |
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