| Summary: | In this paper, Er:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> optical ceramics were fabricated and details of the synthesis were presented. The spectral–luminescent properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> optical ceramics were investigated. The absorption and emission cross-section spectra were determined. The luminescence kinetics at near 1.6 µm was single exponential and the lifetime of erbium <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> energy level was determined. In the frame of the conventional Judd–Ofelt theory, the emission properties of the energy levels of erbium <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub> involved in laser operation at near 1.6 µm were calculated. The gain coefficient curves for typical values of the relative population of the upper laser level <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> were presented. The composition and structure were studied using the SEM, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray computer tomography techniques.
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