Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
The recurring outbreaks caused by emerging RNA viruses have fostered an increased interest in the research of the mechanisms that regulate viral life cycles and the pathological outcomes associated with infections. Although interactions at the protein level are well-studied, interactions mediated by...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1216890/full |
| _version_ | 1797798291195297792 |
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| author | Carolina Ruivinho Margarida Gama-Carvalho |
| author_facet | Carolina Ruivinho Margarida Gama-Carvalho |
| author_sort | Carolina Ruivinho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recurring outbreaks caused by emerging RNA viruses have fostered an increased interest in the research of the mechanisms that regulate viral life cycles and the pathological outcomes associated with infections. Although interactions at the protein level are well-studied, interactions mediated by RNA molecules are less explored. RNA viruses can encode small non-coding RNAs molecules (sncRNAs), including viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs), that play important roles in modulating host immune responses and viral replication by targeting viral or host transcripts. Starting from the analysis of public databases compiling the known repertoire of viral ncRNA molecules and the evolution of publications and research interests on this topic in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide an updated view on the current knowledge on viral sncRNAs, with a focus on v-miRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the potential of these molecules as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for viral infections and the development of antiviral therapies targeting v-miRNAs. This review emphasizes the importance of continued research efforts to characterize sncRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, identifies the most relevant pitfalls in the study of these molecules, and highlights the paradigm changes that have occurred in the last few years regarding their biogenesis, prevalence and functional relevance in the context of host-pathogen interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:01:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4433d6257534ec1bf8477ba844e5568 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:01:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4433d6257534ec1bf8477ba844e55682023-06-21T11:31:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212023-06-011410.3389/fgene.2023.12168901216890Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemicCarolina RuivinhoMargarida Gama-CarvalhoThe recurring outbreaks caused by emerging RNA viruses have fostered an increased interest in the research of the mechanisms that regulate viral life cycles and the pathological outcomes associated with infections. Although interactions at the protein level are well-studied, interactions mediated by RNA molecules are less explored. RNA viruses can encode small non-coding RNAs molecules (sncRNAs), including viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs), that play important roles in modulating host immune responses and viral replication by targeting viral or host transcripts. Starting from the analysis of public databases compiling the known repertoire of viral ncRNA molecules and the evolution of publications and research interests on this topic in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide an updated view on the current knowledge on viral sncRNAs, with a focus on v-miRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the potential of these molecules as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for viral infections and the development of antiviral therapies targeting v-miRNAs. This review emphasizes the importance of continued research efforts to characterize sncRNAs encoded by RNA viruses, identifies the most relevant pitfalls in the study of these molecules, and highlights the paradigm changes that have occurred in the last few years regarding their biogenesis, prevalence and functional relevance in the context of host-pathogen interactions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1216890/fullRNA virusviral miRNAssncRNAsnon-coding RNAshost-pathogen interaction |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Ruivinho Margarida Gama-Carvalho Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic Frontiers in Genetics RNA virus viral miRNAs sncRNAs non-coding RNAs host-pathogen interaction |
| title | Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full | Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_short | Small non-coding RNAs encoded by RNA viruses: old controversies and new lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic |
| title_sort | small non coding rnas encoded by rna viruses old controversies and new lessons from the covid 19 pandemic |
| topic | RNA virus viral miRNAs sncRNAs non-coding RNAs host-pathogen interaction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1216890/full |
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