<i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft-tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis, which may be exacerbated by antibiotic resistance. Plant...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/146 |
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| author | Alexandra Coimbra Sónia Miguel Maximiano Ribeiro Paula Coutinho Lúcia Silva Ana Paula Duarte Susana Ferreira |
| author_facet | Alexandra Coimbra Sónia Miguel Maximiano Ribeiro Paula Coutinho Lúcia Silva Ana Paula Duarte Susana Ferreira |
| author_sort | Alexandra Coimbra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft-tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis, which may be exacerbated by antibiotic resistance. Plant products may be seen as an alternative as antibacterial agents, namely, against <i>S. aureus</i>. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the chemical composition and evaluate the bioactive properties of the <i>T. zygis</i> essential oil (EO), with a focus on antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to assess the chemical composition of the <i>T. zygis</i> EO, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and β-carotene-bleaching assay. The antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> strains, the interaction with different antibiotics and the attenuation of this bacterium’s virulence were evaluated. The <i>T. zygis</i> EO showed antioxidant activity acting through two different mechanisms and antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, with antibiofilm and antihaemolytic properties. This EO also demonstrated synergistic or additive interactions in combination with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin or vancomycin against <i>S. aureus</i> strains and, in some cases, changed the antibiotic-resistance phenotype from resistant to susceptible. Therefore, the present work demonstrates the good bioactive properties of the EO of <i>T. zygis,</i> mainly the antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, revealing its potential to be used as an antibacterial agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:47:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b44d1460d698444a881b8dd926c1b38c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:47:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b44d1460d698444a881b8dd926c1b38c2023-11-23T18:27:11ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-01-0111214610.3390/antibiotics11020146<i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Alexandra Coimbra0Sónia Miguel1Maximiano Ribeiro2Paula Coutinho3Lúcia Silva4Ana Paula Duarte5Susana Ferreira6CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalFibEnTech—Department of Chemistry, Fibrous Materials and Environmental Technologies, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, PortugalCICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft-tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis, which may be exacerbated by antibiotic resistance. Plant products may be seen as an alternative as antibacterial agents, namely, against <i>S. aureus</i>. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the chemical composition and evaluate the bioactive properties of the <i>T. zygis</i> essential oil (EO), with a focus on antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to assess the chemical composition of the <i>T. zygis</i> EO, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method and β-carotene-bleaching assay. The antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> strains, the interaction with different antibiotics and the attenuation of this bacterium’s virulence were evaluated. The <i>T. zygis</i> EO showed antioxidant activity acting through two different mechanisms and antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, with antibiofilm and antihaemolytic properties. This EO also demonstrated synergistic or additive interactions in combination with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin or vancomycin against <i>S. aureus</i> strains and, in some cases, changed the antibiotic-resistance phenotype from resistant to susceptible. Therefore, the present work demonstrates the good bioactive properties of the EO of <i>T. zygis,</i> mainly the antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, revealing its potential to be used as an antibacterial agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/146<i>Thymus zygis</i>essential oilantioxidant activityantimicrobial agent<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>interaction with antibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Coimbra Sónia Miguel Maximiano Ribeiro Paula Coutinho Lúcia Silva Ana Paula Duarte Susana Ferreira <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Antibiotics <i>Thymus zygis</i> essential oil antioxidant activity antimicrobial agent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> interaction with antibiotics |
| title | <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | <i>Thymus zygis</i> Essential Oil: Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | i thymus zygis i essential oil phytochemical characterization bioactivity evaluation and synergistic effect with antibiotics against i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | <i>Thymus zygis</i> essential oil antioxidant activity antimicrobial agent <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> interaction with antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/2/146 |
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