The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most popular food additives in the world and is often ingested with commercially processed foods. It can be described as a sodium salt of glutamic acid with the IUPAC name - Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate and is ionized by water to produce free sodium ions and g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023068834 |
| _version_ | 1797669858110865408 |
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| author | Omowumi T. Kayode Jemilat A. Bello Jamiu A. Oguntola Abolanle A.A. Kayode Daniel K. Olukoya |
| author_facet | Omowumi T. Kayode Jemilat A. Bello Jamiu A. Oguntola Abolanle A.A. Kayode Daniel K. Olukoya |
| author_sort | Omowumi T. Kayode |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most popular food additives in the world and is often ingested with commercially processed foods. It can be described as a sodium salt of glutamic acid with the IUPAC name - Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate and is ionized by water to produce free sodium ions and glutamic acid. MSG use has significantly increased over the past 30 years, its global demand stands huge at over three million metric tons which is worth over $4.5 billion. Asia was responsible for more than three quarter of world MSG consumption with the country China also leading in global consumption as well as production and export to other countries. Prior to year 2020, global demand for MSG increased by almost four percent each year with the highest significant increase in demand for MSG predicted to rise in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and China, followed by Brazil and Nigeria. However, several researches featured in this review has identified MSG consumption as a major contributor to the development and progression of some metabolic disorders such as obesity, which is a risk factor for other metabolic syndromes like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer initiation. The mechanism by which MSG induce obesity involves induction of hypothalamic lesion, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, leptin resistance and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) Gamma and Alpha. Similarly for induction of diabetes mellitus, MSG consumption resulted in decreased pancreatic beta cell mass, increased oxidative stress and metabolic rates, reduced glucose and insulin transport to adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, insulin insensitivity, reduced insulin receptors and induced severe hyperinsulinemia. Dietary salt, an active component of MSG is also found to be a major risk factor for high blood pressure (which may lead to hypertension). MSG is used to enhance the taste of tobacco, causing smokers to consume the product in excess and thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Depending on the amount consumed, MSG has both positive and negative effects. Despite the controversy surrounding MSG's safety and its probable contribution to risk of development and progression of metabolic disorders, its global consumption is still very high. Therefore, this article will sensitize the public on the need for cautious use of MSG in foods and also aid regulatory agencies to further review the daily MSG consumption limit based on metabolic toxicities observed at the varied dosages reported in this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b46734c5b2774e16963fddc141464e61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b46734c5b2774e16963fddc141464e612023-10-01T06:00:50ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-09-0199e19675The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disordersOmowumi T. Kayode0Jemilat A. Bello1Jamiu A. Oguntola2Abolanle A.A. Kayode3Daniel K. Olukoya4Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, NigeriaMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most popular food additives in the world and is often ingested with commercially processed foods. It can be described as a sodium salt of glutamic acid with the IUPAC name - Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate and is ionized by water to produce free sodium ions and glutamic acid. MSG use has significantly increased over the past 30 years, its global demand stands huge at over three million metric tons which is worth over $4.5 billion. Asia was responsible for more than three quarter of world MSG consumption with the country China also leading in global consumption as well as production and export to other countries. Prior to year 2020, global demand for MSG increased by almost four percent each year with the highest significant increase in demand for MSG predicted to rise in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and China, followed by Brazil and Nigeria. However, several researches featured in this review has identified MSG consumption as a major contributor to the development and progression of some metabolic disorders such as obesity, which is a risk factor for other metabolic syndromes like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer initiation. The mechanism by which MSG induce obesity involves induction of hypothalamic lesion, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, leptin resistance and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) Gamma and Alpha. Similarly for induction of diabetes mellitus, MSG consumption resulted in decreased pancreatic beta cell mass, increased oxidative stress and metabolic rates, reduced glucose and insulin transport to adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, insulin insensitivity, reduced insulin receptors and induced severe hyperinsulinemia. Dietary salt, an active component of MSG is also found to be a major risk factor for high blood pressure (which may lead to hypertension). MSG is used to enhance the taste of tobacco, causing smokers to consume the product in excess and thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Depending on the amount consumed, MSG has both positive and negative effects. Despite the controversy surrounding MSG's safety and its probable contribution to risk of development and progression of metabolic disorders, its global consumption is still very high. Therefore, this article will sensitize the public on the need for cautious use of MSG in foods and also aid regulatory agencies to further review the daily MSG consumption limit based on metabolic toxicities observed at the varied dosages reported in this review.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023068834ObesityDiabetes mellitusHypertensionMonosodium glutamateMetabolic disorders |
| spellingShingle | Omowumi T. Kayode Jemilat A. Bello Jamiu A. Oguntola Abolanle A.A. Kayode Daniel K. Olukoya The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders Heliyon Obesity Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Monosodium glutamate Metabolic disorders |
| title | The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders |
| title_full | The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders |
| title_fullStr | The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders |
| title_short | The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders |
| title_sort | interplay between monosodium glutamate msg consumption and metabolic disorders |
| topic | Obesity Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Monosodium glutamate Metabolic disorders |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023068834 |
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