NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence
NADPH oxidase (Nox) genes are responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in living organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi, where ROS exert different functions. ROS are critical for sexual development and cellular differentiation in fungi. In previous publications, two genes encod...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/814 |
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| author | Xiaohan Zhu Mohammad Sayari Md. Rashidul Islam Fouad Daayf |
| author_facet | Xiaohan Zhu Mohammad Sayari Md. Rashidul Islam Fouad Daayf |
| author_sort | Xiaohan Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NADPH oxidase (Nox) genes are responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in living organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi, where ROS exert different functions. ROS are critical for sexual development and cellular differentiation in fungi. In previous publications, two genes encoding thioredoxin and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase involved in maintaining ROS balance were shown to be remarkably induced in a highly versus a weakly aggressive <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> isolate. This suggested a role of these genes in the virulence of this pathogen. NoxA (NADPH oxidase A) was identified in the <i>V. dahliae</i> genome. We compared in vitro expression of <i>NoxA</i> in highly and weakly aggressive isolates of <i>V. dahliae</i> after elicitation with extracts from different potato tissues. <i>NoxA</i> expression was induced more in the weakly than highly aggressive isolate in response to leaf and stem extracts. After inoculation of potato detached leaves with these two <i>V. dahliae</i> isolates, <i>NoxA</i> was drastically up-regulated in the highly versus the weakly aggressive isolate. We generated single gene disruption mutants for <i>NoxA</i> genes. <i>noxa</i> mutants had significantly reduced virulence, indicating important roles in <i>V. dahliae</i> pathogenesis on the potato. This is consistent with a significant reduction of cellophane penetration ability of the mutants compared to the wild type. However, the cell wall integrity was not impaired in the <i>noxa</i> mutants when compared with the wild type. The resistance of <i>noxa</i> mutants to oxidative stress were also similar to the wild type. Complementation of <i>noxa</i> mutants with a full length NoxA clones restored penetration and pathogenic ability of the fungus. Our data showed that NoxA is essential for both penetration peg formation and virulence in <i>V. dahliae</i>. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-b46e6e2620c1442c93b8b5ea53a89dfc2023-11-22T18:46:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-09-0171081410.3390/jof7100814NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and VirulenceXiaohan Zhu0Mohammad Sayari1Md. Rashidul Islam2Fouad Daayf3Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaNADPH oxidase (Nox) genes are responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in living organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi, where ROS exert different functions. ROS are critical for sexual development and cellular differentiation in fungi. In previous publications, two genes encoding thioredoxin and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase involved in maintaining ROS balance were shown to be remarkably induced in a highly versus a weakly aggressive <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> isolate. This suggested a role of these genes in the virulence of this pathogen. NoxA (NADPH oxidase A) was identified in the <i>V. dahliae</i> genome. We compared in vitro expression of <i>NoxA</i> in highly and weakly aggressive isolates of <i>V. dahliae</i> after elicitation with extracts from different potato tissues. <i>NoxA</i> expression was induced more in the weakly than highly aggressive isolate in response to leaf and stem extracts. After inoculation of potato detached leaves with these two <i>V. dahliae</i> isolates, <i>NoxA</i> was drastically up-regulated in the highly versus the weakly aggressive isolate. We generated single gene disruption mutants for <i>NoxA</i> genes. <i>noxa</i> mutants had significantly reduced virulence, indicating important roles in <i>V. dahliae</i> pathogenesis on the potato. This is consistent with a significant reduction of cellophane penetration ability of the mutants compared to the wild type. However, the cell wall integrity was not impaired in the <i>noxa</i> mutants when compared with the wild type. The resistance of <i>noxa</i> mutants to oxidative stress were also similar to the wild type. Complementation of <i>noxa</i> mutants with a full length NoxA clones restored penetration and pathogenic ability of the fungus. Our data showed that NoxA is essential for both penetration peg formation and virulence in <i>V. dahliae</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/814verticillium wiltNoxROS |
| spellingShingle | Xiaohan Zhu Mohammad Sayari Md. Rashidul Islam Fouad Daayf NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence Journal of Fungi verticillium wilt Nox ROS |
| title | NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence |
| title_full | NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence |
| title_fullStr | NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence |
| title_full_unstemmed | NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence |
| title_short | NOXA Is Important for <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>’s Penetration Ability and Virulence |
| title_sort | noxa is important for i verticillium dahliae i s penetration ability and virulence |
| topic | verticillium wilt Nox ROS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/10/814 |
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