Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India
<p>Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning exper...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/2383/2021/acp-21-2383-2021.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were
collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a
wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds
in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using
dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID),
two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC <span class="inline-formula">×</span> GC-FID),
proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and
solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC <span class="inline-formula">×</span> GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 %
speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across
all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types
were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The
emission factors (in g kg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8).</p>
<p>The emission factors measured in this study allow for better
characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |