Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, are well-known players in the generation of chemicals valuable to humans and as a drug target against pathogens. Understanding the evolution of P450s in a bacterial population is gaining momentum. In this study, we report comprehen...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5542 |
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| author | Nomfundo Nzuza Tiara Padayachee Puleng Rosinah Syed Justyna Dorota Kryś Wanping Chen Dominik Gront David R. Nelson Khajamohiddin Syed |
| author_facet | Nomfundo Nzuza Tiara Padayachee Puleng Rosinah Syed Justyna Dorota Kryś Wanping Chen Dominik Gront David R. Nelson Khajamohiddin Syed |
| author_sort | Nomfundo Nzuza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, are well-known players in the generation of chemicals valuable to humans and as a drug target against pathogens. Understanding the evolution of P450s in a bacterial population is gaining momentum. In this study, we report comprehensive analysis of P450s in the ancient group of the bacterial class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>. Genome data mining and annotation of P450s in 599 alphaproteobacterial species belonging to 164 genera revealed the presence of P450s in only 241 species belonging to 82 genera that are grouped into 143 P450 families and 214 P450 subfamilies, including 77 new P450 families. Alphaproteobacterial species have the highest average number of P450s compared to <i>Firmicutes</i> species and cyanobacterial species. The lowest percentage of alphaproteobacterial species P450s (2.4%) was found to be part of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), compared other bacterial species, indicating that during evolution large numbers of P450s became part of BGCs in other bacterial species. Our study identified that some of the P450 families found in alphaproteobacterial species were passed to other bacterial species. This is the first study to report on the identification of CYP125 P450, cholesterol and cholest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase in alphaproteobacterial species (<i>Phenylobacterium zucineum</i>) and to predict cholesterol side-chain oxidation capability (based on homolog proteins) by <i>P. zucineum</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:43Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b49b22b8465e46b198d963fe1570fff0 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b49b22b8465e46b198d963fe1570fff02023-11-21T21:09:45ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-012211554210.3390/ijms22115542Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial SpeciesNomfundo Nzuza0Tiara Padayachee1Puleng Rosinah Syed2Justyna Dorota Kryś3Wanping Chen4Dominik Gront5David R. Nelson6Khajamohiddin Syed7Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaFaculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, GermanyFaculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South AfricaCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, are well-known players in the generation of chemicals valuable to humans and as a drug target against pathogens. Understanding the evolution of P450s in a bacterial population is gaining momentum. In this study, we report comprehensive analysis of P450s in the ancient group of the bacterial class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>. Genome data mining and annotation of P450s in 599 alphaproteobacterial species belonging to 164 genera revealed the presence of P450s in only 241 species belonging to 82 genera that are grouped into 143 P450 families and 214 P450 subfamilies, including 77 new P450 families. Alphaproteobacterial species have the highest average number of P450s compared to <i>Firmicutes</i> species and cyanobacterial species. The lowest percentage of alphaproteobacterial species P450s (2.4%) was found to be part of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), compared other bacterial species, indicating that during evolution large numbers of P450s became part of BGCs in other bacterial species. Our study identified that some of the P450 families found in alphaproteobacterial species were passed to other bacterial species. This is the first study to report on the identification of CYP125 P450, cholesterol and cholest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase in alphaproteobacterial species (<i>Phenylobacterium zucineum</i>) and to predict cholesterol side-chain oxidation capability (based on homolog proteins) by <i>P. zucineum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5542cytochrome P450 monooxygenasegenome data miningannotation<i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>biosynthetic gene clustersCYP125 |
| spellingShingle | Nomfundo Nzuza Tiara Padayachee Puleng Rosinah Syed Justyna Dorota Kryś Wanping Chen Dominik Gront David R. Nelson Khajamohiddin Syed Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species International Journal of Molecular Sciences cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genome data mining annotation <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> biosynthetic gene clusters CYP125 |
| title | Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species |
| title_full | Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species |
| title_fullStr | Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species |
| title_short | Ancient Bacterial Class <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species |
| title_sort | ancient bacterial class i alphaproteobacteria i cytochrome p450 monooxygenases can be found in other bacterial species |
| topic | cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genome data mining annotation <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> biosynthetic gene clusters CYP125 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5542 |
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