Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit
Red-flowered oil-tea camellia (<i>ROC</i>) is an important woody oil species growing in the south, and its oil has high nutritional value. There are four main species of <i>ROC</i> in China, namely, <i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> (<i>CCH</i>), <i>...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/374 |
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| author | Shengyue Zhong Bin Huang Teng Wei Zeyuan Deng Jing Li Qiang Wen |
| author_facet | Shengyue Zhong Bin Huang Teng Wei Zeyuan Deng Jing Li Qiang Wen |
| author_sort | Shengyue Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Red-flowered oil-tea camellia (<i>ROC</i>) is an important woody oil species growing in the south, and its oil has high nutritional value. There are four main species of <i>ROC</i> in China, namely, <i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> (<i>CCH</i>), <i>Camellia polyodonta</i> (<i>CPO</i>), <i>Camellia semiserrata</i> (<i>CSE</i>) and <i>Camellia reticulata</i> (<i>CRE</i>). Reports on the comprehensive comparative analysis of <i>ROC</i> are limited. This study investigated the fruit characteristics and nutritional components of four <i>ROC</i> fruits, and the results showed that <i>ROC</i> had high oil content with levels of 39.13%–58.84%, especially the <i>CCH</i> fruit, which reached 53.6–58.84%. The contents of lipid concomitants of <i>ROC</i> oil were also substantial, including β-amyrin (0.87 mg/g–1.41 mg/g), squalene (0.43 mg/g–0.69 mg/g), β-sitosterin (0.47 mg/g–0.63 mg/g) and α-tocopherol (177.52 μg/g–352.27 μg/g). Moreover, the transverse diameter(TD)/longitudinal diameter (LD) of fruits showed a significant positive correlation with the oil content, and <i>ROC</i> fruits with thinner peels seemed to have better oil quality, which is similar to the result of the oil quality evaluation obtained by the gray correlation coefficient evaluation method. Four <i>ROC</i> oils were evaluated using the gray correlation coefficient method based on 11 indicators related to the nutritional value of <i>ROC</i>. <i>CCH</i> oil had the highest score of 0.8365, and YS-2 (a clone of <i>CCH</i>) was further evaluated as the best <i>CCH</i> oil. Finally, the results of heatmap analysis showed that triglycerides could be used as a characteristic substance to distinguish <i>CCH</i> oil from the other three <i>ROC</i> oils. The PLSDA (Partial least squares regression analysis) model and VIP (Variable important in projection) values further showed that P/S/O, P/O/O, P/L/L, P/L/Ln, S/S/O, S/O/O and P/S/S (these all represent abbreviations for fatty acids) could be used as characteristic differential triglycerides among the four <i>ROC</i> oils. This study provides a convenient way for planters to assess the nutritional quality of seed oil depending on fruit morphology and a potential way to distinguish between various <i>ROC</i> oils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:43:08Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:43:08Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b49d4a337518413aafc085d478e1f1182023-11-30T22:15:37ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-01-0112237410.3390/foods12020374Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large FruitShengyue Zhong0Bin Huang1Teng Wei2Zeyuan Deng3Jing Li4Qiang Wen5State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330047, ChinaRed-flowered oil-tea camellia (<i>ROC</i>) is an important woody oil species growing in the south, and its oil has high nutritional value. There are four main species of <i>ROC</i> in China, namely, <i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> (<i>CCH</i>), <i>Camellia polyodonta</i> (<i>CPO</i>), <i>Camellia semiserrata</i> (<i>CSE</i>) and <i>Camellia reticulata</i> (<i>CRE</i>). Reports on the comprehensive comparative analysis of <i>ROC</i> are limited. This study investigated the fruit characteristics and nutritional components of four <i>ROC</i> fruits, and the results showed that <i>ROC</i> had high oil content with levels of 39.13%–58.84%, especially the <i>CCH</i> fruit, which reached 53.6–58.84%. The contents of lipid concomitants of <i>ROC</i> oil were also substantial, including β-amyrin (0.87 mg/g–1.41 mg/g), squalene (0.43 mg/g–0.69 mg/g), β-sitosterin (0.47 mg/g–0.63 mg/g) and α-tocopherol (177.52 μg/g–352.27 μg/g). Moreover, the transverse diameter(TD)/longitudinal diameter (LD) of fruits showed a significant positive correlation with the oil content, and <i>ROC</i> fruits with thinner peels seemed to have better oil quality, which is similar to the result of the oil quality evaluation obtained by the gray correlation coefficient evaluation method. Four <i>ROC</i> oils were evaluated using the gray correlation coefficient method based on 11 indicators related to the nutritional value of <i>ROC</i>. <i>CCH</i> oil had the highest score of 0.8365, and YS-2 (a clone of <i>CCH</i>) was further evaluated as the best <i>CCH</i> oil. Finally, the results of heatmap analysis showed that triglycerides could be used as a characteristic substance to distinguish <i>CCH</i> oil from the other three <i>ROC</i> oils. The PLSDA (Partial least squares regression analysis) model and VIP (Variable important in projection) values further showed that P/S/O, P/O/O, P/L/L, P/L/Ln, S/S/O, S/O/O and P/S/S (these all represent abbreviations for fatty acids) could be used as characteristic differential triglycerides among the four <i>ROC</i> oils. This study provides a convenient way for planters to assess the nutritional quality of seed oil depending on fruit morphology and a potential way to distinguish between various <i>ROC</i> oils.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/374red-flowered oil-tea camellia<i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> oilcorrelation analysisgray correlation coefficienttriglycerides |
| spellingShingle | Shengyue Zhong Bin Huang Teng Wei Zeyuan Deng Jing Li Qiang Wen Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit Foods red-flowered oil-tea camellia <i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> oil correlation analysis gray correlation coefficient triglycerides |
| title | Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit |
| title_full | Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit |
| title_short | Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Four Oil-Tea Camellia Species with Red Flowers and Large Fruit |
| title_sort | comprehensive evaluation of quality characteristics of four oil tea camellia species with red flowers and large fruit |
| topic | red-flowered oil-tea camellia <i>Camellia chekiangoleosa</i> oil correlation analysis gray correlation coefficient triglycerides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/2/374 |
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