Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation
Ex-situ conservation, the transplanting of individuals outside of their natural range, can dramatically alter biotic interactions among species. Here, we explored the shifts in the herbivory pressure and defense strategies of ex-situ populations of five endangered tree species (Pterostyrax psilophyl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Global Ecology and Conservation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421000408 |
| _version_ | 1818849822210260992 |
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| author | Shitong Wang Zhiqiang Xiao Teng Yang Mingxi Jiang Xinzeng Wei |
| author_facet | Shitong Wang Zhiqiang Xiao Teng Yang Mingxi Jiang Xinzeng Wei |
| author_sort | Shitong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ex-situ conservation, the transplanting of individuals outside of their natural range, can dramatically alter biotic interactions among species. Here, we explored the shifts in the herbivory pressure and defense strategies of ex-situ populations of five endangered tree species (Pterostyrax psilophyllus, Davidia involucrata, Dipteronia sinensis, Tapiscia sinensis, and Tetracentron sinense) after 20–35 years since translocation. All species were not native to the ex-situ site and only P. psilophyllus had a closely related native species (Pterostyrax corymbosus). We compared the leaf damage type, herbivory rate, and chemistry (total phenols, tannins, N, and P) of each species, and assessed the relationship between the herbivory rate and leaf chemistry between the ex-situ and wild populations. Excluding P. psilophyllus, all species in the ex-situ populations showed changes in the type of leaf damage and lower overall herbivory rates. Ex-situ populations of P. psilophyllus showed reduced total phenol, N, and P levels, while the other four species showed decreased total phenol and tannin levels, or increased N and P levels. The herbivory rate was positively correlated with the N and P levels in wild populations, and negatively correlated with the total phenol content in ex-situ populations. These differences reflect the reduced herbivory pressure, decreased defense ability, and shift in defense strategy of ex-situ populations. We showed that prolonged exposure to the ex-situ environment led to the maladaptation of these endangered plant species to herbivory pressure in the natural environment, and that these shifts should be considered in ex-situ conservation and reintroduction strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:39:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b49ff882a4b549c5b78dc3dc0a06bf5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2351-9894 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:39:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Ecology and Conservation |
| spelling | doaj.art-b49ff882a4b549c5b78dc3dc0a06bf5e2022-12-21T20:32:09ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942021-04-0126e01490Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservationShitong Wang0Zhiqiang Xiao1Teng Yang2Mingxi Jiang3Xinzeng Wei4Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China; College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.Ex-situ conservation, the transplanting of individuals outside of their natural range, can dramatically alter biotic interactions among species. Here, we explored the shifts in the herbivory pressure and defense strategies of ex-situ populations of five endangered tree species (Pterostyrax psilophyllus, Davidia involucrata, Dipteronia sinensis, Tapiscia sinensis, and Tetracentron sinense) after 20–35 years since translocation. All species were not native to the ex-situ site and only P. psilophyllus had a closely related native species (Pterostyrax corymbosus). We compared the leaf damage type, herbivory rate, and chemistry (total phenols, tannins, N, and P) of each species, and assessed the relationship between the herbivory rate and leaf chemistry between the ex-situ and wild populations. Excluding P. psilophyllus, all species in the ex-situ populations showed changes in the type of leaf damage and lower overall herbivory rates. Ex-situ populations of P. psilophyllus showed reduced total phenol, N, and P levels, while the other four species showed decreased total phenol and tannin levels, or increased N and P levels. The herbivory rate was positively correlated with the N and P levels in wild populations, and negatively correlated with the total phenol content in ex-situ populations. These differences reflect the reduced herbivory pressure, decreased defense ability, and shift in defense strategy of ex-situ populations. We showed that prolonged exposure to the ex-situ environment led to the maladaptation of these endangered plant species to herbivory pressure in the natural environment, and that these shifts should be considered in ex-situ conservation and reintroduction strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421000408Leaf damage typesHerbivory rateDefense abilitySecondary chemicalsLeaf nutrientsReintroduction |
| spellingShingle | Shitong Wang Zhiqiang Xiao Teng Yang Mingxi Jiang Xinzeng Wei Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation Global Ecology and Conservation Leaf damage types Herbivory rate Defense ability Secondary chemicals Leaf nutrients Reintroduction |
| title | Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation |
| title_full | Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation |
| title_fullStr | Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation |
| title_short | Shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20–35 years of ex-situ conservation |
| title_sort | shifts in leaf herbivory stress and defense strategies of endangered tree species after 20 35 years of ex situ conservation |
| topic | Leaf damage types Herbivory rate Defense ability Secondary chemicals Leaf nutrients Reintroduction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421000408 |
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