Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a major “river source” and “ecological source” in China, as well as South Asia and Southeast Asia, and is a typical plateau region. Studying the evolution characteristics and ecological effects of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) of the QTP is of great...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Land |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1020 |
| _version_ | 1827596843465310208 |
|---|---|
| author | Shuaibing Zhang Kaixu Zhao Shuoyang Ji Yafang Guo Fengqi Wu Jingxian Liu Fei Xie |
| author_facet | Shuaibing Zhang Kaixu Zhao Shuoyang Ji Yafang Guo Fengqi Wu Jingxian Liu Fei Xie |
| author_sort | Shuaibing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a major “river source” and “ecological source” in China, as well as South Asia and Southeast Asia, and is a typical plateau region. Studying the evolution characteristics and ecological effects of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) of the QTP is of great practical significance and theoretical value for strengthening its ecological construction and environmental protection. Based on 30 m × 30 m land use/cover data of the QTP at five time-points of 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper investigates the PLES evolution characteristics, transfer characteristics, eco-environmental response, and influencing factors of the eco-environmental quality index (EEQI) in the region of China of the QTP from 1980 to 2020 by land use transfer matrix, eco-environmental response model, hot spot analysis, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2020, the ecological space of the QTP decreased, while the production and living space saw an increase. The PLES pattern of the QTP showed a clear shift from 2000 to 2010, while there was no significant change from 1980 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2020. (2) From 1980 to 2020, the EEQI of the QTP decreased from 0.5634 in 1980 to 0.5038 in 2010, and then increased to 0.5044 in 2020, showing a changing trend of first decreasing and then increasing; the degradation of grassland ecological space to other ecological space was the main cause leading to ecological environment deterioration. (3) From 1980 to 2000, the EEQI was high in the midwestern and southeastern parts of the QTP, presenting a double-center distribution. From 2010 to 2020, the EEQI decreased in the western part, while the high value area in the eastern part increased significantly, obviously low in the west and high in the east. The spatial variation characteristics of hot and cold spots and EEQI are generally similar. (4) Natural ecological and socioeconomic factors have significant differences on the spatial distribution of EEQI in the QTP, and natural ecological factors are the main driving factors, with topographic relief having the strongest effect on EEQI as a natural ecological factor, and population density having the strongest effect as a socioeconomic factor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4a52032085249b98571083bbc2bf507 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:17:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4a52032085249b98571083bbc2bf5072023-12-03T15:17:32ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2022-07-01117102010.3390/land11071020Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet PlateauShuaibing Zhang0Kaixu Zhao1Shuoyang Ji2Yafang Guo3Fengqi Wu4Jingxian Liu5Fei Xie6School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaSchool of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, MalaysiaSchool of Urban Construction and Environment, City College of Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523419, ChinaGraduate School of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, ChinaSchool of Urban Construction and Environment, City College of Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523419, ChinaSchool of Urban Construction and Environment, City College of Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523419, ChinaThe Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a major “river source” and “ecological source” in China, as well as South Asia and Southeast Asia, and is a typical plateau region. Studying the evolution characteristics and ecological effects of the production-living-ecological space (PLES) of the QTP is of great practical significance and theoretical value for strengthening its ecological construction and environmental protection. Based on 30 m × 30 m land use/cover data of the QTP at five time-points of 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper investigates the PLES evolution characteristics, transfer characteristics, eco-environmental response, and influencing factors of the eco-environmental quality index (EEQI) in the region of China of the QTP from 1980 to 2020 by land use transfer matrix, eco-environmental response model, hot spot analysis, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results show that: (1) from 1980 to 2020, the ecological space of the QTP decreased, while the production and living space saw an increase. The PLES pattern of the QTP showed a clear shift from 2000 to 2010, while there was no significant change from 1980 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2020. (2) From 1980 to 2020, the EEQI of the QTP decreased from 0.5634 in 1980 to 0.5038 in 2010, and then increased to 0.5044 in 2020, showing a changing trend of first decreasing and then increasing; the degradation of grassland ecological space to other ecological space was the main cause leading to ecological environment deterioration. (3) From 1980 to 2000, the EEQI was high in the midwestern and southeastern parts of the QTP, presenting a double-center distribution. From 2010 to 2020, the EEQI decreased in the western part, while the high value area in the eastern part increased significantly, obviously low in the west and high in the east. The spatial variation characteristics of hot and cold spots and EEQI are generally similar. (4) Natural ecological and socioeconomic factors have significant differences on the spatial distribution of EEQI in the QTP, and natural ecological factors are the main driving factors, with topographic relief having the strongest effect on EEQI as a natural ecological factor, and population density having the strongest effect as a socioeconomic factor.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1020evolution characteristiceco-environmental responseinfluencing factorsproduction-living-ecological spaceQinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| spellingShingle | Shuaibing Zhang Kaixu Zhao Shuoyang Ji Yafang Guo Fengqi Wu Jingxian Liu Fei Xie Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Land evolution characteristic eco-environmental response influencing factors production-living-ecological space Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title | Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_full | Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_short | Evolution Characteristics, Eco-Environmental Response and Influencing Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| title_sort | evolution characteristics eco environmental response and influencing factors of production living ecological space in the qinghai tibet plateau |
| topic | evolution characteristic eco-environmental response influencing factors production-living-ecological space Qinghai–Tibet Plateau |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1020 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shuaibingzhang evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT kaixuzhao evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT shuoyangji evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT yafangguo evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT fengqiwu evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT jingxianliu evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau AT feixie evolutioncharacteristicsecoenvironmentalresponseandinfluencingfactorsofproductionlivingecologicalspaceintheqinghaitibetplateau |