Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia
Background: Sheep and goat pox virus infection is highly devastating viral disease of small ruminants that cause severe production losses in sheep and goats in Ethiopia and also limits international trade. A cross-sectional study was employed with the objective to estimate the seroprevalence of pox...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022036829 |
| _version_ | 1797960831592300544 |
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| author | Teshager Dubie Betelhem Dagnew Muhammed Hamid Fanuel Bizuayehu Gizachew Fentahun |
| author_facet | Teshager Dubie Betelhem Dagnew Muhammed Hamid Fanuel Bizuayehu Gizachew Fentahun |
| author_sort | Teshager Dubie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Sheep and goat pox virus infection is highly devastating viral disease of small ruminants that cause severe production losses in sheep and goats in Ethiopia and also limits international trade. A cross-sectional study was employed with the objective to estimate the seroprevalence of pox infection and to assess associated risk factors during the study period, February to April, 2020. A total of 384 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy sheep and goats. Serum neutralization test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against pox virus at national veterinary institute. Descriptive statistics, univariable and Multivariable logistic analyses were used in this study. Results: The overall animal level seroprevalence of sheep and goat pox virus was found to be 15.36% (n = 59/384) and species level prevalence rate was found to be 14.5% (n = 16/110) in sheep and 15.69% (n = 43/274) in goats in the study areas. Among the associated factors considered in this study, sex (P = 0.010), age (P = 0.012) and herd size (P = 0.029) were found to be statistically associated with seropositivity of pox infection in multivariable logistic regression. The odds of seropositivity in female animals were 3.9 times more likely to develop pox infection than male animals (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.203–4.015%) and the odds of young animals were 2.14 times more likely to be seropositive to pox infection than old aged animals (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.169–3.633%). Moreover, the odds of large-sized flocks of animals were 3.10 times more likely to be seropositive to pox disease than small-sized flocks (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.30–4.42%). Conclusion: This study finding revealed that sheep and goat pox virus is prevalent and widespread diseases of small ruminant in afar region. Therefore, further study should be carried out to estimate region wise magnitude of the disease and control measures should be put in place to minimize the economic losses associated with this disease. |
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| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b4a66b1fdf35414a95506369d0bb57f32023-01-05T08:40:16ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-12-01812e12394Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, EthiopiaTeshager Dubie0Betelhem Dagnew1Muhammed Hamid2Fanuel Bizuayehu3Gizachew Fentahun4Corresponding author.; College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Semera, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Semera, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Semera, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Semera, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Semera, EthiopiaBackground: Sheep and goat pox virus infection is highly devastating viral disease of small ruminants that cause severe production losses in sheep and goats in Ethiopia and also limits international trade. A cross-sectional study was employed with the objective to estimate the seroprevalence of pox infection and to assess associated risk factors during the study period, February to April, 2020. A total of 384 serum samples were collected from apparently healthy sheep and goats. Serum neutralization test was used to detect the presence of antibodies against pox virus at national veterinary institute. Descriptive statistics, univariable and Multivariable logistic analyses were used in this study. Results: The overall animal level seroprevalence of sheep and goat pox virus was found to be 15.36% (n = 59/384) and species level prevalence rate was found to be 14.5% (n = 16/110) in sheep and 15.69% (n = 43/274) in goats in the study areas. Among the associated factors considered in this study, sex (P = 0.010), age (P = 0.012) and herd size (P = 0.029) were found to be statistically associated with seropositivity of pox infection in multivariable logistic regression. The odds of seropositivity in female animals were 3.9 times more likely to develop pox infection than male animals (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.203–4.015%) and the odds of young animals were 2.14 times more likely to be seropositive to pox infection than old aged animals (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.169–3.633%). Moreover, the odds of large-sized flocks of animals were 3.10 times more likely to be seropositive to pox disease than small-sized flocks (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.30–4.42%). Conclusion: This study finding revealed that sheep and goat pox virus is prevalent and widespread diseases of small ruminant in afar region. Therefore, further study should be carried out to estimate region wise magnitude of the disease and control measures should be put in place to minimize the economic losses associated with this disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022036829Afar regionAssociated factorsSNTPox virusSeroprevalenceSmall ruminants |
| spellingShingle | Teshager Dubie Betelhem Dagnew Muhammed Hamid Fanuel Bizuayehu Gizachew Fentahun Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia Heliyon Afar region Associated factors SNT Pox virus Seroprevalence Small ruminants |
| title | Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | seroprevalence and associated risk factors of pox infection among sheep and goats in selected districts of afar region ethiopia |
| topic | Afar region Associated factors SNT Pox virus Seroprevalence Small ruminants |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022036829 |
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