Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
IntroductionPrevious observational studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction is associated with hallux valgus (HV). However, the causal effect of thyroid dysfunction on hallux valgus is still unknown. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1115834/full |
| _version_ | 1811158399172214784 |
|---|---|
| author | Binglang Xiong Zixing Bai Xuhan Cao Duorui Nie Cheng Zhang Xudong Sun Ziyan Guo Jianmin Wen Weidong Sun |
| author_facet | Binglang Xiong Zixing Bai Xuhan Cao Duorui Nie Cheng Zhang Xudong Sun Ziyan Guo Jianmin Wen Weidong Sun |
| author_sort | Binglang Xiong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPrevious observational studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction is associated with hallux valgus (HV). However, the causal effect of thyroid dysfunction on hallux valgus is still unknown. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsThe data of the two-sample Mendelian randomization study were obtained from public databases. In this study, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) were chosen as exposures. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the IEU database, including 337,159 subjects. Data for FT4 and TSH (72,167 subjects) were extracted from the ThyroidOmics Consortium. HV was used as the outcome. The SNPs associated with HV were selected from a GWAS of 202,617 individuals in the fignngen database. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Four complementary methods were applied, including MR-presso, MR-Egger, and weighted median. In addition, Cochran’s Q test, MR-presso, MR-Egger regression, and the leave-one-out test were used as sensitivity analysis, and the MR-pleiotropy test was performed to examine pleiotropy.ResultsAccording to the results of IVW, we found that there was a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and HV, and hypothyroidism increased the incidence of HV (OR = 2.838 (95% CI: 1.116–7.213); p = 0.028). There were no significant causal effects of hyperthyroidism, FT4, and TSH on HV (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust and reliable, and no horizontal pleiotropy was detected.ConclusionsOur findings provided genetic support that hypothyroidism might increase the risk of HV. It will predict the occurrence of HV in patients with hypothyroidism and provide suggestions for early prevention and intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:24:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4aff7e8934c4bd6b74bcbd19732c70c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:24:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4aff7e8934c4bd6b74bcbd19732c70c2023-03-08T05:40:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-03-011410.3389/fendo.2023.11158341115834Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization studyBinglang Xiong0Zixing Bai1Xuhan Cao2Duorui Nie3Cheng Zhang4Xudong Sun5Ziyan Guo6Jianmin Wen7Weidong Sun8Second Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGraduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFourth Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSecond Department of Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionPrevious observational studies have reported that thyroid dysfunction is associated with hallux valgus (HV). However, the causal effect of thyroid dysfunction on hallux valgus is still unknown. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsThe data of the two-sample Mendelian randomization study were obtained from public databases. In this study, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) were chosen as exposures. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the IEU database, including 337,159 subjects. Data for FT4 and TSH (72,167 subjects) were extracted from the ThyroidOmics Consortium. HV was used as the outcome. The SNPs associated with HV were selected from a GWAS of 202,617 individuals in the fignngen database. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Four complementary methods were applied, including MR-presso, MR-Egger, and weighted median. In addition, Cochran’s Q test, MR-presso, MR-Egger regression, and the leave-one-out test were used as sensitivity analysis, and the MR-pleiotropy test was performed to examine pleiotropy.ResultsAccording to the results of IVW, we found that there was a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and HV, and hypothyroidism increased the incidence of HV (OR = 2.838 (95% CI: 1.116–7.213); p = 0.028). There were no significant causal effects of hyperthyroidism, FT4, and TSH on HV (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust and reliable, and no horizontal pleiotropy was detected.ConclusionsOur findings provided genetic support that hypothyroidism might increase the risk of HV. It will predict the occurrence of HV in patients with hypothyroidism and provide suggestions for early prevention and intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1115834/fullthyroidhypothyroidismhallux valguscausalityMendelian randomization analysis |
| spellingShingle | Binglang Xiong Zixing Bai Xuhan Cao Duorui Nie Cheng Zhang Xudong Sun Ziyan Guo Jianmin Wen Weidong Sun Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study Frontiers in Endocrinology thyroid hypothyroidism hallux valgus causality Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title | Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hallux valgus a two sample mendelian randomization study |
| topic | thyroid hypothyroidism hallux valgus causality Mendelian randomization analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1115834/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT binglangxiong causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT zixingbai causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT xuhancao causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT duoruinie causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT chengzhang causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT xudongsun causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT ziyanguo causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT jianminwen causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy AT weidongsun causalrelationshipbetweenthyroiddysfunctionandhalluxvalgusatwosamplemendelianrandomizationstudy |