Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies
Abstract Background Current evidence regarding the prognostic relevance of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na-to-K ratio), as an indicator of diet quality is limited. This study was conducted to investigate whether urinary Na-to-K ratio could be related to habitual dietary patterns, in a general...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-01-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00476-5 |
| _version_ | 1829503599613313024 |
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| author | Parvin Mirmiran Zahra Gaeini Zahra Bahadoran Asghar Ghasemi Reza Norouzirad Maryam Tohidi Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_facet | Parvin Mirmiran Zahra Gaeini Zahra Bahadoran Asghar Ghasemi Reza Norouzirad Maryam Tohidi Fereidoun Azizi |
| author_sort | Parvin Mirmiran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Current evidence regarding the prognostic relevance of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na-to-K ratio), as an indicator of diet quality is limited. This study was conducted to investigate whether urinary Na-to-K ratio could be related to habitual dietary patterns, in a general population. Methods This study was conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2014–2017) on 1864 adult men and women. Urinary Na and K concentrations were measured in the morning spot urine samples. Dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Mediterranean dietary pattern and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, were also calculated. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to indicate association of dietary patterns and urinary Na-to-K ratio. Results Mean (± SD) age of participants was 43.7 ± 13.9 years and 47% were men. Mean (± SD) urinary Na, K and the ratio was 139 ± 41.0 and 57.9 ± 18.6 mmol/L, 2.40 ± 0.07, respectively. Higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (> 2.37 vs. < 1.49) was related to lower intakes of vegetables (282 vs. 321 g/day), low-fat dairy (228 vs. 260 g/day) and fruits (440 vs. 370 g/day). Western dietary pattern was related to higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01, 0.16). Traditional dietary pattern, Mediterranean and DASH diet scores were inversely associated with urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = − 0.14; 95% CI − 0.24, − 0.11, β = − 0.07; 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01, β = − 0.12; 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Spot urinary Na-to-K ratio may be used as a simple and inexpensive method to monitor diet quality in population-based epidemiological studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:01:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b4b87f2ee54a4c90bcd0894aefff2d93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:01:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-b4b87f2ee54a4c90bcd0894aefff2d932022-12-21T22:35:47ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2021-01-012611810.1186/s40001-020-00476-5Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studiesParvin Mirmiran0Zahra Gaeini1Zahra Bahadoran2Asghar Ghasemi3Reza Norouzirad4Maryam Tohidi5Fereidoun Azizi6Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEndocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical SciencesPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Current evidence regarding the prognostic relevance of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na-to-K ratio), as an indicator of diet quality is limited. This study was conducted to investigate whether urinary Na-to-K ratio could be related to habitual dietary patterns, in a general population. Methods This study was conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2014–2017) on 1864 adult men and women. Urinary Na and K concentrations were measured in the morning spot urine samples. Dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Mediterranean dietary pattern and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, were also calculated. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression was used to indicate association of dietary patterns and urinary Na-to-K ratio. Results Mean (± SD) age of participants was 43.7 ± 13.9 years and 47% were men. Mean (± SD) urinary Na, K and the ratio was 139 ± 41.0 and 57.9 ± 18.6 mmol/L, 2.40 ± 0.07, respectively. Higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (> 2.37 vs. < 1.49) was related to lower intakes of vegetables (282 vs. 321 g/day), low-fat dairy (228 vs. 260 g/day) and fruits (440 vs. 370 g/day). Western dietary pattern was related to higher urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01, 0.16). Traditional dietary pattern, Mediterranean and DASH diet scores were inversely associated with urinary Na-to-K ratio (β = − 0.14; 95% CI − 0.24, − 0.11, β = − 0.07; 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01, β = − 0.12; 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Spot urinary Na-to-K ratio may be used as a simple and inexpensive method to monitor diet quality in population-based epidemiological studies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00476-5SodiumPotassiumUrineDietary pattern |
| spellingShingle | Parvin Mirmiran Zahra Gaeini Zahra Bahadoran Asghar Ghasemi Reza Norouzirad Maryam Tohidi Fereidoun Azizi Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies European Journal of Medical Research Sodium Potassium Urine Dietary pattern |
| title | Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies |
| title_full | Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies |
| title_fullStr | Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies |
| title_short | Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio: a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population-based studies |
| title_sort | urinary sodium to potassium ratio a simple and useful indicator of diet quality in population based studies |
| topic | Sodium Potassium Urine Dietary pattern |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00476-5 |
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