| Summary: | There is an association between diabetes and impaired bone healing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sericin had a positive effect on bone regeneration with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a rat model. Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 21) were assigned to one of three groups. A critical-sized bone defect was created on the calvaria. In the sericin group (S group, <i>n</i> = 7), the bone defect was filled with a sericin–gelatin combination, whereas in the gelatin group (G group, <i>n</i> = 7), only gelatin sponge was used. The control group (N group, <i>n</i> = 7) did not receive any graft. New bone formation was evaluated by micro-computerized tomogram and histological analysis. The regenerated bone volume in group S was the highest among the three groups (3.87 ± 2.51 mm<sup>3</sup>), followed by group N (1.71 ± 1.65 mm<sup>3</sup>) and group G (1.24 ± 1.05 mm<sup>3</sup>). The application of sericin in combination with a gelatin sponge enhanced the process of bone regeneration in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes animal model.
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